HIV and AIDS Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HIV and AIDS - Research Paper Example The HIV takes control of the white cells once inside to make it function as a manufacturing base for viruses instead or the CD4+ T cells, hence lowering the immune system while increasing the viral load in the blood. The HIV and AIDs has no cure and people should focus on working towards suppressing the HIV mutation and not be overwhelmed by existing myths of cure. There are several means of transmission, distinguished into blood exposure, child delivery and breast feeding, and sexual contact among others, except the confusing beliefs. HIV infection develops into 4 stages before transforming into AIDs; they are both related diseases that could be treated from further advancement by prevention means, for the victim to live a longer healthier life. Keywords: HIV, Aids, CD4+ T Cells, Viral Load, Victim, Opportunistic Illnesses, Transmission, Blood Contact, Sexual Intercourse, Virus, Prevention, Treatment, Antiretroviral, CD4 Counts Introduction HIV and AIDs has been one critical health concern area that clinical and scientific researchers have invested resources in and continue to make progress in research. It is no longer a national agenda, but the effects of the disease have called for global governance to assist in preventing further spread. Until now, there are many people who do not seem to get the concept between the two diseases, and as a result, several myths have been coined within the social settings, some inflicting fear, discouragement, and stigmatization. HIV stands for Human immunodeficiency virus, while AIDs is Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; the two diseases are related and known to destroy part of the immune system, specifically the white blood cell (T lymphocyte), cells that are concerned in fighting diseases and germs in the body ( â€Å"HIV hurts† 2013, para. 1). Through the diseases, many in the global population have been infected and definitely affected as many die leaving orphans and their loved ones unexpectedly. According to em edicinehealth, â€Å"approximately 40 million people are living with HIV infections, and estimated 25 million have died from this disease† (2013, para. 1). They are diseases that spread like a plaque and are known to have no cure, meaning their treatment is just mere prevention of further advancement into dangerous stages. HIV and AIDs history Researchers trace the origin of the diseases in Africa as a transmission from chimpanzees, after the blood contacts of the two animals (chimpanzee and human). The historical means of the African population for survival was through hunting and gathering, hence the blood contact is thought to have occurred either in butchering or hunting for food. AIDs was the first to be detected (around 1981) among people, especially the gay and bisexual men, one being diagnosed to have AIDs after developing some of the opportunistic infections and cancers that were uncommon for people with healthy immune system (Gallant, 2012, p. 16). This means that t he HIV virus was already in the infected people and had developed to advanced stages to be called AIDs; simply because the virus had not yet been discovered to limit its growth and develop treatment. After the discovery of HIV, it became possible to distinguish the two, such that if one is tested and found to have the virus, then he/she is termed

The Glorious Revolution and British Industrialization Assignment - 1

The Glorious Revolution and British Industrialization - Assignment Example The judges’ salaries were paid by the King and so in disputes involving the crown and the wealth holders, the judiciary always favored the crown, thereby denying citizens their rights over their own property (North and Weingast, 1989, p.813). It was these restrictions on private property that eventually caused the decline of the crown and a political power rising over it in the form of the Parliament (North and Weingast, 1989, p.814). And this political power naturally promoted economy based on private property rights and markets, which became the major catalyst for the industrial revolution. After the Glorious Revolution, the right to impose taxes was exclusively vested with the Parliament (North and Weingast, 1989, p.816). The revenue eliciting devices of the King were reduced almost to nil, the crown was made to approach the Parliament for revenues, Parliament was given the right to audit the government, and the Parliament also came to command veto power over government expenditures (North and Weingast, 1989, p.816). It is also observed the hat this kind of institutional reforms gave higher control for wealth holders on the decisions of the government (North and Weingast, 1989, p.817). More economic freedom became incorporated into the laws (North and Weingast, 1989, p.818). Another positive step for better economic freedom was the establishment of an independent judiciary, not controlled by political forces and which enforced these new laws of economic freedom (North and Weingast, 1989, p.819). There was correspondingly an effort to regularize the structure of public finance (North and Weingast, 1989, p.820). Yet another important development was the emergence of the banking system (North and Weingast, 1989, p.825).

Stroke Research: An Introduction

Stroke Research: An Introduction Introduction Research studies the quality of data that produces an outcome to provide knowledge in which can explicate results of intangible and tangible benefits. Developing medical improvements, evaluation is done to suggests a beneficial effect for medical facilities or existing facilities and for use by people to reduce uncertainties, improve effectiveness, and make decisions (Patton, 2008, p. 39). Evaluation is an implementation of valuable data which can gather information and further analyzation from outcome. It employs accurate, visible analyzation to further develop future findings. Several methodologies were employed including Economic Evaluation, Enterprise Systems, Study Selections, meta-evaluations and content analysis of national documents. Furthermore, creating guidelines for greater impact on the body of knowledge for the program specially in health sector. Evaluations helps to attain more accurate and feasible information to improve the effectiveness. Influencing the result of the perspective study for human resource, internal processes, on external opportunities and on management (Diana, 2015). This paper will analyze four evaluative research containing a wide range of data that are used to calculate the impact, outcome, process, economical and output to the society and how it can improve later research or currents studies that are done towards Cerebrovascular accident. Background of the Study Cerebrovascular accident as defined by Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Center (2013) is a form of transient ischemic attack that causes potential death, loss of movement or even more complication in the future if not have been treated correctly to the patients. There are several aspects that can cause cerebrovascular accident such as hypertension, diabetes and blockage of blood flow. In a study of the current status of acute stroke in Korea (2008) report that studies in a web-based database of consecutive stroke cases from 12 participating centers. A total of 14,792 ischemic stroke cases were enrolled from the span of 4 years (Rohan, 2014). The study shows that the rate of risk factor that more than 80% are caused by hypertension and diabetes. Revascularization were performed on 1,736 subjects and 34% were endovascular (MOH, 2016). This paper will analyze 5 stroke research as using data across the globe to evaluate the health evaluation towards stroke focusing on their significance, method and quality. Main purpose is to create a data base than can help future findings and to provide a stronger knowledge towards Cerebrovascular accident. Evaluation Studies Economic Evaluation in Stroke Research: An Introduction This review is to assess the relevance of the economic evaluations towards the cost of stroke in different countries. The researcher considered several studies to calculate the future, current data and sensitivity analysis to find intangible and tangible results. Due to governments wanting to reduce expenditure while health care sector are going through interventions due to the increased demand through demographic changes (Sylvia, 2001). The method that was used in this study is mixed method, cross-sectional audit was used to identify the costs-to-costs expenditure and retrospective audit to check the constant changes in the aging population (Sylvia, 2001). The significance of this study concluded that the need of transparent reporting and to carefully clarify these results when decision making. Moreover, this study can also contribute to find the data that can both exploit the cost and successful data that can be used to help make more tangible decisions towards the expenditure for stroke (Sylvia, 2001). Evaluation of the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada Research Scholarship Program: research productivity and impact. This review is to assess the relevance comparison of both funded and unfunded group in Canada. The researcher considered the unsuccessful and successful funding in the years of 1980/81 to 1989/90 and the productivity and its impact on the individuals. Due to consistency in multiple indicators provides strong evidence that within the 10 years of studies, individuals that are funded has more greater productivity and impact in the body of knowledge in the area of heart and stroke (Armstrong, 1997). The method used in this study is quantitative method, to qualify the understanding of which group is more productive and has a greater knowledge in the area of heart and stroke (Armstrong, 1997). The significance of this study is to determine the unequivocally relation between funding and research success it indicated suggests a beneficial effect. Lastly, this relevance of this study is to have greater knowledge if given with funds to do more research (Armstrong, 1997). Current status of acute stroke management in Korea: a report on a multicenter, comprehensive acute stroke registry. This review is to assess the relevance of diagnostics and variation treatments studies in Korea. The researcher considered the data on the exploit of diagnostics and the variation of treatments at the national level in Korea for acute stroke care. Due to clinical research centers studies aim to describe the stroke statistics and quality of care in Korea and to apply its quality indicators (ByungJin, 2008). The methods used in this study is quantitative method, to qualify the understandings of quality of care and to cover the pretreatment demographics. Due to the high numbers of ischemic stroke cases, the researcher explores the causes of acute stroke in this study (ByungJin, 2008). The significance of this study is to determine the quality of stroke care across South Korea and compare it with that of other countries. Moreover, this study can also be used to understand the main causes of heart stroke and the procedures that are taken (ByungJin, 2008). Adopting CVA To Evaluate Es Benefits Impact On Organisational Effectiveness In Australia This review is to assess the relevance of Enterprise System and the benefits impact it provides in Australia. The researcher of this study needs to consider whether the research of this study has an impact in both internally and externally organizations. Due to the evaluation was based on human resource, internal processes, external opportunities and on management to ensure that competing value approach can have an impact on Enterprise System. This role include knowing the major contribution of competing value approach (Leon, 2012). The methods used in this study is quantitative method, to quantify the benefits of competing value approach towards Enterprise System the researcher explores internally and externally addressing intangible and tangible benefits (Leon, 2012). The relevance of this study is to equally evaluate the benefits of tangible and intangible from both internal and external organization. But this study can also contribute to understand impact on competing value approach towards organization via case studies (Leon, 2012). An evaluation of stroke rehabilitation within Greater Manchester This review is to assess the relevance of the quality of stroke rehabilitation services towards patients and to evaluate the stakeholders opinions in greater Manchester. The researcher of this study considered several methodologies including literature review, case note audit and questionnaires for patients, staff and commissioners. Due to the evaluation studies was to aim to understand the rehabilitation of patients and the difference in priorities and accountability from localities (Alison, 2013). The methods used in this study is qualitative method, to determine the feelings of patients that are being treated with stroke and the rehabilitation process (Alison, 2013). This research is responsible in giving information of how patients feel towards stoke rehabilitation and improvements can be done. Moreover, this study can also contribute to create and understand a better life style for patients who is suffering from a stroke but to also improve its process in the future studies (Alison, 2013). Evaluative reasoning in public-sector evaluation in Aotearoa New Zealand: How are we doing? This review is to assess the relevance of meta-evaluation towards the public-sector in Aotearoa New Zealand. The researcher of this study needs to consider the snapshot of evaluation practice and to insight further investigation. Due to the lack of argument and evidence further research is needed to qualify if the results of the study is confirmed. These factor includes context, funding, time constraints and commissioner requirements (Heather, Robin, and Karen, 2015). The method used in this study is qualitative method, to understand if meta-evaluation or evaluative reasoning practices can be an accredited profession in Aotearoa New Zealand. Due to the importance of evaluative reasoning the researcher explores the relevance reports lack an argument and text that are ambiguous (Heather, Robin, and Karen, 2015). The significance of this study allows researchers find where we are at towards evaluative reasoning and it can also contribute to a more warranted conclusion (Heather, Robin, a nd Karen, 2015). Audit and Evaluation Processes Economic Evaluation in Stroke Research: An Introduction The researcher make use of economical evaluation to determine the expenses of stroke in different countries. Tracking of the record of the costs and consequences to analytically evaluate an outcome. The care cost for cerebrovascular diseases had an increased and governments are looking at wanting to cut cost, but the health care sector are demanding an increase due to demographic changes (Sylvia, 2001). As the main purpose of economical evaluation is to increase an impact on clinical practice, terms of pricing, coverage and imbursement. The study showed an outcome that can maximize the effectiveness for the individual patient and to reduce cost. Why I think the researcher use this type of evaluation is to help make transparent reporting for both cost and effectiveness of decision making (Sylvia, 2001). Adopting CVA To Evaluate Es Benefits Impact On Organizational Effectiveness In Australia The researcher make use of impact and outcome evaluation to determine the effectiveness of competing value approach (CVA) on enterprise system and to establish an outcome on human resource, internal processes, on external opportunities and management (Leon, 2012). The study is about the impact of Competing Value Approach(CVA) in the last ten years towards the Enterprise System on the whole organizations (Leon, 2012). The main purpose of the impact evaluation is to equally evaluate Enterprise System (ES) impact and Competing Value Approach (Leon, 2012). The outcome of this study is to create tangible and intangible benefits on both internal and external organization (Leon, 2012). Why I think the researcher use this type of evaluation is to help address the impact of Enterprise system on the whole organization and to also provide a more understanding of Competing Value Approach on Enterprise Systems (Leon, 2012). Evaluation of the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada Research Scholarship Program: research productivity and impact. The researcher make use of impact and outcome evaluation to determine whether funded or unfunded individuals can be more productive and have greater body knowledge in heart and stroke area. The study consist of the funding years 1980/81 to 1989/90 inclusive, number of peer reviewed publications and data were collected on 192 individuals to determine a result (Armstrong, 1997). The main purpose of this study is evaluate both funded and unfunded individuals to see which individuals has more impact on the knowledge and productivity (Armstrong, 1997). The outcome of this study shows that funded individuals has more impact on the knowledge and are more productive than individuals that are not funded. Why I think the researcher use this type of evaluation is to determine the unequivocally relation between funding and research success, it indicate a suggestive beneficial effect (Armstrong, 1997). Current status of acute stroke management in Korea: a report on a multicenter, comprehensive acute stroke registry. The researcher make use of input and outcome evaluation to determine the care of stroke patients in Korea at national level. The study had Clinical Research Center for Stroke in April 2008 and to look into covers pretreatment demographics, medical and stroke severity measures, diagnostic evaluation, hyper-acute revascularization, in-hospital management, discharge disposition, quality indicators and long-term functional outcomes (ByungJin, 2008). The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the stroke statistic, quality of care in Korea and to apply its quality indicators. The study showed that it can be used to understand the main causes of heart stroke and the procedure that are taken and how it can improve the quality of stroke care across South Korea (ByungJin, 2008). Why I think the researcher use this type of evaluation is to compare the quality of stroke care towards other countries and how it can improve its quality. Moreover, is to also help future studies to have a better understanding of what improvement and procedure can be taken (ByungJin, 2008). An evaluation of stroke rehabilitation within Greater Manchester The researcher make use of impact and outcome evaluation to determine the rehabilitation services and evaluate the stakeholders opinion. The study analysis 214 separate recommendations from 15 documents. Of these are 21 were relevant to every patient receiving stroke rehabilitation, 13 to overall service provision and 8 related to specific aspects of patient care. These were converted to standards and used to audit the 10 stroke rehabilitation services in Greater Manchester. Patients, staffs and commissioners completed questionnaires to determine the national recommendations of services (Alison, 2013). The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the feeling of stroke rehabilitation for patients and what improvement can be taken (Alison, 2013). Study shows information that will describe the feelings of patients towards rehabilitation, improvements can be done in future studies and reason why I think the researcher use this evaluation is to create future studies and to improve more towards rehabilitation experience, giving satisfaction to patients (Alison, 2013). Evaluation Model PRECEDE-PROCEED Evaluation Model The Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation and Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development (Precede-Proceed) evaluation model is designed for cost-benefit evaluation framework. To help health program planner, policy makers and other evaluators to analyze and design health programs systematic. It gives a comprehensive structure to asses health and quality of life and to design, apply and evaluate health promotions and public health programs. The systematic use of the evaluative model uses a series of clinical and field trials to confirm the advantage and predictive of the model. The main purpose of this evaluation model is to directly put attention to outcomes rather than inputs. It allows planners to start with the desired outcome then work backwards to identify strategies to achieve those objectives (Andrea, Gielen, Tiffany, and Gary, 2017). Source: Surveillance, Planning and Evaluating for Policy and Action : Precede-Proceed Model (2006) The essential components of the evaluation model- is to apply theories of health problems and to design programs to address public health problems underlying important risk and protective factors. The PRECEDE-PROCEED model has been a utility program for practice settings and researchers conducting health changes (Lawrence, and Judith, 2006). The context evaluation main purpose is to evaluate the growing recognition of the health education to enclose policy, regulatory and related ecological/environmental factors, determining health and health behaviors, to improve and to increase scholarly productivity among health education faculty. Furthermore, the evaluative model is not to predict or explain the relationship among factors thought to be associated with an outcome of interest. Rather, the main purpose of it is to provide a structure for applying theories and concepts systematically for planning and evaluating health behavior change programs (Lawrence, and Judith, 2006). This evaluation model may contribute for CVA all around the world, especially for Ministry of Health of New Zealand. It can improve its study target starting from a diverse array of assessment such as social, behavioral, educational and existing policies. Furthermore, auditing the CVA cases can be implemented through predisposing, reinforcing and enabling the studies. Eventually, cases will be evaluated to enhance the quality of life (Lawrence, and Judith, 2006). Conclusion Evaluation research is needed in all aspects of healthcare implementing programs or project to improve an overall effectiveness. It is very important to use the right tools, followed by numbers of reviews and research towards the improvement or success of the organization. This involves education, managers and staffs feedback can develop a thorough guidelines to help improve their systems and policies. Overall, the evaluation research can improve the common good and development of the organization and community can benefit from the outcome and achieving objectives in most efficient ways. References   Ã‚   Alison, M. (2015) An evaluation of stroke rehabilitation within Greater Manchester. Retrieved from :http://usir.salford.ac.uk/30967/1/An_evaluation_of_stroke_rehabilitation_within_Greater_Manchester_submitted.pdf Armstrong, P. (1997) Evaluation of the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada Research Scholarship Program: research productivity and impact. Retrieved from : http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/9179090 Andrea C., Gielen E. M., Tiffany L., Gary L. R., (2017), Ecological Models of Health Behavior. Retrieved from : https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org /community-health/health-promotion/2/program-models/community-organization ByungJin, K. (2008) Current status of acute stroke management in Korea: a report on a multicenter, comprehensive acute stroke registry. Retrieved from : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24256115 Diana H (2015). Research Evaluation Scope Statement. Retrieved from : http://www.oxfordjournals.org/our_journals/rev/about.html Heather N., Robin P., and Karen W., (2015) Evaluative reasoning in public- sector evaluation in Aotearoa New Zealand: How are we doing? Retrieved from : http://www.nzcer.org.nz/system/files/EM2015_1_137.pdf Leon, T. (2012) Adopting CVA To Evaluate Es Benefits Impact On Organisational Effectiveness In Australia. Retrieved from : http://aisel.aisnet.org/pacis2012/77/ Lawrence W. G., Judith M. P., (2006). A Framework for planning and evaluation: Precede-proceed evolution and application of the Model. Retrieved from : http://www.eldis.org/vfile/upload/1/document/0803/id2188.pdf

Essay --

King Lear was one of Shakespeare’s lifetime popular work, and one of his most powerful works. Many people believe it was Shakespeare’s best tragedies ever committed. In this paper I will be giving a brief summary of the story as it unfolds; and a character analysis from the main characters are going to be presented as well. King Lear of Britain decided to step down from his throne, leaving his kingdom to his three daughters. Before the king divides his kingdom the king tests. The three daughters had to express their love for the king; his two oldest daughters Goneril and Regan sweet talk the king for a part of the kingdom. Cordelia the youngest and Lear’s favorite remained silent and told the king that no word can express her love for the king. King Lear became furious for not hearing the sweet words he was expecting and disowns Cordelia. She then leaves the country to marry the king of France. (Mabillard) Lear’s most trusted counselor Earl of Kent is also banished for defending Cordelia. Kent seeing danger in the Kings oldest daughters leads him to put himself in disguise as a servant. He remains close to King Lear to protect him from Goneril and Regan who decides to usurp their father’s kingdom. Meanwhile the Earl of Gloucester is also dismayed by the events happening in his household. Edmund his illegitimate son told Gloucester that Edgar his legitimate son is trying to kill him. This being a lie by Edmund to obtain his brothers birthright. (Mabillard) When Gloucester realizes that Lear’s daughter have turned against him he decides to help him. Regan and her husband Cornwall discover Gloucester helping Lear and accuse him of treason, bling him and turns him to wonder the countryside. He later is found by his disguised son ... ...r father and turned against him. They plotted their father’s death with Edmund. He was the son of Gloucester; he was evil and wicked. Not only does he plot the king’s death but his own father’s death too blaming it on his brother. Edgar was the opposite of his brother Edmund. He is similar to Cordelia; both suffer very much thought out the story. Unlike Cordelia, Edgar does remain alive at the end, and ends up being the King of Britain with Kent and Albany. Kent was King Lear’s loyal companion and counselor. He remains incognito to stay with the king. Kent remained loyal to his king after he realized the king’s daughter’s heartless actions. These were the conflicts King Lear faced throughout the story. Many of the conflicts being from love, power, loyalty, and family. At the end of it all the king died of grief that he could have prevented from the beginning.

Night World : The Chosen Chapter 9

How long since he'd identified with humans? That had all stopped the day he stopped being human himself. Not at the moment he'd stopped being human, though. At first all his anger had been for Hunter Redfern†¦. Waking up from the dead was an experience you don't forget. For Quinn, it happened in the Redfern cabin on a husk mattress in front of the fire. He opened his eyes to see three beautiful girls leaning over him. Garnet, with her wine-colored hair shining in the ruby light, Lily with her black hair and her eyes like topaz, and Dove, his own Dove, brown-haired and gentle, with anxious love in her face. That was when Hunter informed him that he'd been dead for three days. â€Å"I told your father you'd gone to Plymouth; don't tell him otherwise. And don't try to move yet; you're too weak. We'll bring in something soon and you can feed.† He stood behind his daughters, his arms around them, all of them looking down at Quinn. â€Å"Be happy. You're one of us now.† But all Quinn felt was horror-and pain. When he put his thumbs to his teeth, he found the source of the pain. His canine teeth were as long as a wildcat's and they throbbed at the slightest touch. He was a monster. An unholy creature who needed blood to survive. Hunter Redfern had been telling the truth about his family, and he'd changed Quinn into one of them. Insane with fury, Quinn jumped up and tried to get his hands around Hunter's throat. And Hunter just laughed, fending off the attack easily. The next thing Quinn knew, he was running down the blazed trail in the forest, heading for his father's house. Staggering and stumbling down the trail, rather. He was almost too weak to walk. Then suddenly Dove was beside him. Little Dove who looked as if she couldn't outrun a flower. She steadied him, held him up, and tried to convince him to go back. But Quinn could only think of one thing: getting to his father. His father was a minister; his father would know what to do. His father would help. And Dove, at last, agreed to go with him. Later Quinn would realize that of course he should have known better. They reached Quinn's home. At that point, if Quinn was afraid of anything, it was that his father wouldn't believe this wild story of bloodthirst and death. But one look at Quinn's new teeth convinced his father of everything. He could recognize a devil when he saw one, he said. And he knew his duty. Like every Puritan's, it was to cast out sin and evil wherever he found it. With that, his father picked up a brand from the fire-a good piece of seasoned pine-and then grabbed Dove by the hair. It was around this time that the screaming started, the screaming Quinn would be able to hear forever after if he listened. Dove was too gentle to put up much of a fight. And Quinn himself was too weak to save her. He tried. He threw himself on top of Dove to shield her from the stake. He would always have the scar on his side to prove it. But the wood that nicked him pierced Dove to the heart. She died looking up at him, the light in her brown eyes going out. Then everything was confusion, with his father chasing him, crying, brandishing the bloody stake pulled from Dove's body. It ended when Hunter Red-fern appeared at the door with Lily and Garnet. They took Quinn and Dove home with them, while Quinn's father went running to the neighbors for help. He wanted help burning the Redfern cabin down. That was when Hunter said it, the thing that severed Quinn's ties with his old world. He looked down at his dead daughter and said, â€Å"She was too gentle to live in a world full of humans. Do you think you can do any better?† And Quinn, dazed and starving, so frightened and full of horror that he couldn't talk, decided then that he would. Humans were the enemy. No matter what he did, they would never accept him. He had become something they could only hate-so he might as well become it thoroughly. â€Å"You see, you don't have a family anymore,† Hunter mused. â€Å"Unless it's the Redferns.† Since then, Quinn had thought of himself only as a vampire. He shook his head, feeling clearer than he had for days. The girl had disturbed him. The girl in the cellar, the girl whose face he had never seen. For two days after that night, all he could think of was somehow finding her. What had happened between them†¦ well, he still didn't understand that. If she had been a witch, he'd have thought she bewitched him. But she was human. And she'd made him doubt everything he knew about humans. She'd awakened feelings that had been sleeping since Dove died in his arms. But now†¦ now he thought it was just as well he hadn't been able to find her. Because the cellar girl wasn't just human, she was a vampire hunter. Like his father. His father, who, wild-eyed and sobbing, had driven the stake through Dove's heart. As always, Quinn felt himself losing his grip on sanity as he remembered it. What a pity that he'd have to kill the cellar girl the next time he saw her. But there was no help for it. Vampire hunters were worse than the ordinary human vermin, who were just stupid. Vampire hunters were the sin and the evil that had to be cast out. The Night World was the only world. And I haven't been to the dub in a week, Quinn thought, showing his teeth. He laughed out loud, a strange and brittle sound. Well, I guess I'd better go tonight. It's all part of the great dance, you see, he thought to the cellar girl, who of course couldn't hear him. The dance of life and death. The dance that's going on right this minute all over the world, in African savannas and Arctic snowfields and the bushes in Boston Common. Killing and eating. Hunting and dying. A spider snags a bluebottle fly; a polar bear grabs a seal. A coyote springs on a rabbit. It's the way the world has always been. Humans were part of it, too, except that they let slaughterhouses do the killing for them and received their prey in the form of McDonald's hamburgers. There was an order to things. The dance required that someone be the hunter and someone else be the hunted. With all those young girls longing to offer themselves to the darkness, it would be cruel of Quinn not to provide a darkness to oblige them. They were all only playing their parts. Quinn headed for the club, laughing in a way that scared even him. The club was only a few streets away from the warehouse, Rashel noted. Made sense. Everything about this operation had the stamp of efficiency, and she sensed Quinn's hand in that. I wonder what he's getting paid to provide the girls for sale? she thought. She'd heard that Quinn liked money. â€Å"Remember, once we get inside, you don't know me,† she said to Daphne. â€Å"It's safer for both of us that way. They might suspect something if they knew that first you escaped and now you're turning up with a stranger.† â€Å"Got it.† Daphne looked excited and a little scared. Under her coat, she was wearing a slinky black top and a brief skirt, and her black-stockinged legs twinkled as she ran toward the club door. Under Rashel's coat, hidden in the lining, was a knife. Like her sword, it was made of lignum vitae, the hardest wood on earth. The sheath had several interesting secret compartments. It was the knife of a ninja, and Sensei, who had taught Rashel the martial arts, wouldn't have approved at all. He wouldn't have approved of Rashel made it in, too, her story must have passed inspection. That was a relief. Inside, the place looked like hell. Not a shambles. It literally looked like Hell. Hades. The Underworld. The lights turned it into a place of infernal fire and twisting purple shadows. The music was weird and dissonant and sounded to Rashel as if it were being played backward. She caught scraps of conversation as she walked across the floor. â€Å"†¦ going out Dumpster diving later†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"†¦ no money. So I gotta jack somebody†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"†¦ told Mummy I'd be at the key-dub meeting†¦Ã¢â‚¬  You get a real cross section here, she thought dryly. Everybody had one thing in common, though; they were young. Kids. The oldest looked about eighteen. The youngest-well, there were a few girls Rashel would put at twelve. She had an impulse to go back and insert something wooden into Ivan. A slow fire that had started in her chest when she first heard about the Crypt was burning hotter and hotter with everything she saw here. This entire place is a snare, a gigantic Venus' flytrap, she thought as she took off her coat and added it to a pile on the floor. But if she wanted to shut it down, she had to stay cool, stick to her plan. Standing by a cast-iron column, she scanned the room for vampires. And there, standing with a little group that in-duded Daphne, was Quinn. It gave Rashel an odd shock to see him, and she wanted to look away. She couldn't. He was laughing, and somehow that caught hold of her like a fishhook. For a moment the morbid lighting of the room seemed rainbow-colored in the radiance shed by that laughter. Appalled, Rashel realized that her face had flushed and her heart was beating fast. I hate him, she thought, and this was true. She did hate him for what he was doing to her. He made her feel unmoored and adrift. Confused. Helpless. She understood why those girls were clustered around him, longing to fling themselves into his darkness like a bunch of virgin sacrifices jumping into a volcano. I mean, what else do you do with a guy like that? she thought. Kill him. It would be the only solution even if he weren't a vampire, she decided with sudden insane cheer. Because prolonged contact with that smile was obviously going to annihilate her. Rashel blinked rapidly, getting a grip on herself. All right. Concentrate on that, on the job to be done. She was going to have to kill him, but not now; right now she had to get herself chosen. Walking carefully on her heels, she went over to join Quinn's group. He didn't see her at first. He was facing Daphne and a couple of other girls, laughing frequently- too frequently. He looked wild and a little feverish to Rashel. A sort of devilish Mad Hatter at an insane tea party. â€Å"†¦ and I just felt so totally awful that I didn't get to meet you,† Daphne was saying, â€Å"and I just wish I knew what happened, because it was just so seriously weird†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She was telling her story, Rashel realized. At least none of the people listening seemed openly suspicious. â€Å"I haven't seen you here before,† came a voice behind her. It belonged to a striking girl with dark hair, very pale skin, and eyes like amber or topaz†¦ or a hawk's. Rashel froze, every muscle tensing, trying to keep her face expressionless. Another vampire. She was sure of it. The camellia-petal skin, the light in the eyes†¦ this must be the girl vampire who'd brought Daphne food in the warehouse. â€Å"No, this is my first time,† Rashel said, making her voice light and eager. â€Å"My name's Shelly.† It was close enough to her own name that she would turn automatically if anyone said it. â€Å"I'm Lily.† The girl said it without warmth, and those hawklike eyes continued to bore straight into Rashel's. Rashel had to struggle to stay on her feet. It's Lily Redfern, she thought, working desperately to keep an idiot smile plastered on her face. I know it is. How many Lily's can there be who'd be working with Quinn? I've got a Redfern right here in front of me. I've got Hunter Redfern's daughter here. For an instant she was tempted to simply make a dash for her knife. Killing a celebrity like Lily seemed almost worth giving up the enclave. But on the other hand, Hunter Redfern was a moderate sort of vampire, with a lot of influence on the Night World Council. He helped keep other vampires in line. Striking at him through his daughter would just make him mad, and then he might start listening to the Councilors who wanted to slaughter humans in droves. And Rashel would lose any hope of getting at the heart of the slave trade, where the real scum were. I hate politics, Rashel thought. But she was already beaming at Lily, prattling for all she was worth. â€Å"It was my friend Marnie who told me about this place, and I'm really glad I came because it's even better than I thought, and I've got this poem I wrote-â€Å" â€Å"Really. Well, I'm dying not to hear it,† Lily said. Her hawklike eyes had lost interest. Her face was filled with open contempt-she'd dismissed Rashel as a hopeless fawning idiot. She walked away without glancing back. Two tests passed. One to go. â€Å"That's what I like about Lily. She's just so absolutely cold,† a girl beside Rashel said. She had wavy bronze hair and bee-stung lips. â€Å"Hi, I'm Juanita,† she added. And she's serious, Rashel thought as she introduced herself. Quinn's group had noticed her at last, and they all seemed to agree with Juanita. They were fascinated by Lily's cold personality, her lack of feeling. They saw it as strength. Yeah, because feeling hurts. Maybe I should worship her, too, Rashel thought. She was finding too many things in common with these girls. â€Å"Lily the ice princess,† another girl murmured. â€Å"It's like she's not even really from earth at all. It's like she's from another planet.† â€Å"Hold that thought,† a new voice said, a crisp, laughing, slightly insane voice. The effect it had on Rashel was remarkable. It made her back stiffen and sent tingles up her palms. It closed her throat. Okay, test number three, she thought, drawing on every ounce of discipline she'd learned in the martial arts. Don't lose zanshin. Stay loose, stay frosty, and go with it. You can do this. She turned to meet Quinn's eyes.

Principles for Implementing Duty of Care in Health Essay

In my work I have a duty of care to the young people I work with. This means their health, safety, wellbeing and emotional development is my responsibility. For me to do this I follow company policies and procedures and when needed seek advice from the appropriate people. Ac3. Explain where to get additional support and advice about conflicts and dilemmas. While at work for any support I need I firstly will talk to the other member of staff I am on shift with. After that I may call a senior in the office or the out of hour’s duty manager. If problems are still not solved then for the safety of the young person I may need to call the police depending on the situation. 054.3 Ac1. Describe how to respond to complaints. If a yp wants to make a complaint about anything my first action would be to try and resolve the issue myself. After that it may need to go higher up to a senior or my manager, failing that I would assist the yp to fill in a complaint form and then hand it to the manager who would then take the appropriate action from thee. Ac2. Explain the main points of agreed procedures for handling complaints. †¢ Minor/informal complaints such as a yp complaining about the dà ©cor in their bedroom may be dealt with by staff verbally but it still must be recorded on a complaint form and handed to the operations manager. A record will be made in the complaints log. The complaint will be dealt with in 14 days and a written response will be given to the complainant regarding the outcome. †¢ Serious complaints must be written down within two working days and be fully responded to in writing. The complaint must be handed to the operations manager who then should notify the managing director of keys using a complaint referral form. All serious complaints must be resolved within 35 days. †¢ All serious/written complaints must be recorded briefly on a complaints form and in the central complaints file. They will be counted and audited on a monthly basis. The full investigation details will be filed in an individual investigation file. †¢ The operations manager must ensure all serious complaints are entered onto the weekly complaints report by the nominated office. †¢ Any complaint received externally must be logged in the homes central record and copies of any correspondence must also be held in the home. †¢ Copies of any correspondence and the fully completed appendix one must be sent to the complaints administrator at Rawtenstalll office who will ensure the checklist id fully completed.

Gun Control is not Answer essays

Gun Control is not Answer essays With the growing gun-related crime rate in the United States today, many bills have been proposed to control guns. The most popular of these bans is The Brady Bill. The bill focuses on semi-automatic handguns. People wishing to buy a handgun will have to answer a federal questionnaire. The persons background will be checked thoroughly for criminal records or records of past mental illness. The process should only take five days. This five day waiting period, or the cooling off period, is supposed to allow a persons temper to cool down. The Brady Bill claims that people act on impulse. A persons temper can interfere with his/her ability to think clearly; he/she is angry, so a gun is bought to get revenge. I have no problem with the Brady Bill, because it has stopped crime, but not enough. A bill was passed by former U.S. President George Bush which banned the production of nine types of assault weapons and the importation of forty-three types of assault weapons. Bush felt that assault weapons were responsible for majority of the violent crimes committed in the United States. Field Assault weapons are designed to put out a high volume of fire with a high degree of controllability. The only purpose these firearms have is to kill people (27). Gun related crime is still very common. In the past, over 20,000 gun control bills have been passed through Congress, and crime is still running rampant through Americas streets. The National Firearms Act of 1934 was the first federal gun law to be passed. This act imposed a two hundred-dollar excise tax on the sale of fully automatic weapons. The Gun Control Act of 1968 made it a requirement for all gun dealers to have a federal license. This same act also banned the sale of guns through the mail and the sale of guns to all people who have formerly been convicted of...

Impact of Globalization in Africa Essay Example

Impact of Globalization in Africa Essay Example Impact of Globalization in Africa Essay Impact of Globalization in Africa Essay Globalization is the planetary interconnection of economic activities. It is characterized by new engineerings. new constructions. new economic systems and new civilizations. All these are structured around planetary fiscal flows that are based of computing machine simulations and guesss. The ensuing planetary economic system is really disruptive due to non-linear feedbacks and it is easy influenced by political events and influential analysts’ projections. These is seen when there is instability in the stock markets in certain states like the United States of America. The instability affects all other stock markets in the universe. But is globalisation planetary? The planetary economic system sees some countries as priceless and politically irrelevant and frequently such countries are excluded from this planetary economic system. The thought of globalisation was conceived by taking capitalist states. planetary fiscal establishments ( World Bank. International Monetary fund ( IMF ) and World Trade Organization ( WTO ) ) and multinational co-operations. The heads behind this thought of globalisation thought that this was one manner of bettering the supports everybody in the Earth but as we shall see subsequently on. the theoretical accounts used to come up with globalisation had major cringle holes. Global information communications and new engineerings have played a large function easing globalisation. This is through the computing machines. Internet and nomadic phones. This has made concern minutess easy such that by the chink of a button. a batch of money circulates around the Earth. New inventions have resulted in increased productiveness and competition. These technological progresss have lowered the costs of conveyance and communicating. Computers have made it possible to manage big sums of informations in a short clip and information storage and retrieval has been made really easy. On a positive note. the new engineerings have in one manner or another helped in growing of economic sciences through sharing of thoughts. On the other manus. these progresss in engineering have led to homogenisation of civilizations. Globalization has increased the net incomes and productiveness of transnational corporations. With free trade regulations. some few people. the planetary elite has become richer and others who are the bulk have become poorer. The free trade regulations has enabled transnational companies invest their money in emerging economic systems and taking their money once they speculate that that economic system is non making good. This has wrecked the economic systems of many states. Another issue is that this large multinationals have swallowed the little companies taking to losingss of occupations. Capra. 2002. in his book hidden connections’ says that most of these multi national companies ever try to hedge revenue enhancements and benefit from subsidies. As a consequence. their merchandises are inexpensive and this outcompetes the local companies. which can ensue in more occupation losingss. But on the other manus. globalisation can go a whipping boy for failed national policies. Embezzlement and misdirection of public resources and corruptness profoundly rooted in some states should non be blamed on globalisation. In any instance. a authorities should be able to supply the demands of its people. Harmonizing to the 2002 study on the international forum on globalisation. the free trade regulations set by the World trade organisation consolidate power to a little corporate elite. Globalization has erased political and economic boundaries such that power has shifted from the people and communities to fiscal speculators. planetary corporations and taking capitalist states. As a consequence. currency markets have made authoritiess unable to command their economic policies because it is this markets that determine the values of national currency. Harmonizing to Capra 2002. big economic systems are able to absorb these turbulencies but for developing states. this is a large job. This fiscal crisis has led to developing states to seek for assistance and as a conseque nce. they have sunk to endless debts. It is of import to observe that assistance is fundamentally a tool for pull stringsing developing states. It is of import to observe that in globalisation. capital is planetary while labor is local. This means that the globalized capital has the economic power go forthing labor disintegrated. Labor itself can be divided into professionals and unskilled workers. Globalization seems to favor the professional labourers while the unskilled labourers can be fired anytime. This has led to societal inequality and polarisation. Many occupations presents are on contract footing and organizing labour organisations to dicker for better working conditions is non easy because of fright of fring occupations. Peoples working in transnational companies runing in their states fear bargaining for better footings of employment because they fear fring occupations as the company can travel to another state. As a consequence. people have to set up with hapless working conditions and rewards. Increased trade as a consequence of free trade by the World Trade organisation has led to increased pollution of the environments. Trade has besides resulted to debut of invasive foreigner species to new environments. From the ecological position. trade. which has increased in the recent yesteryear. is the major path in which invasive foreigner species are introduced to new environments. Harmonizing to the Convention for Biodiversity. invasive foreign species are the major causes for the loss of biodiversity. The environmental impacts are to a great extent felt in the states in the South. The free market thought by the World Trade Organization has resulted in changeless hunt for entree to natural resources. and this has led to so much force per unit area on the Earth’s limited natural resources. Another spot is the devastation of the environment. which has led to inundations. drouths and other calamities. Increased transportation has lead to pollution of waterways. Globalization has besides favored monoculture to heighten a nation’s fight in the planetary market. This has put more force per unit area on the limited natural resources and usage of chemicals to heighten production. which farther exacerbates the job of pollution. Globalization has besides penetrated into power and political relations. Most of these transnational companies and anteroom groups usually finance political campaigners in states of involvement so that if the individual gets into power. he/ she may make favourable conditions for their activities. So in a manner. these companies and anteroom groups control a country’s economic system. Rise of globalized condemnable packs is another job that stems out of globalisation. Boosted by easy communicating webs. felons have found it easy to carry on their concerns. Recently. a drug trust affecting Mexicans. Kenyans and the Dutch was uncovered and this is a authoritative illustration of condemnable packs runing on a planetary graduated table. WAY OUT. With Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations ( FAO ) imperativeness release of 2010 gauging that 925 million around the Earth are undernourished. something must be incorrect someplace. As already noted. globalisation is to fault societal inequalities which can be seen from the widening spread between the rich and the hapless. Borrowing from rubric of the first one-year World Social Forum held in Porto Alegre in Brazil. another universe is possible. First. alteration should first get down with the governing elite. With the aid of international nongovernmental organisations there should be a power transmutation from the planetary elite to the human society. These planetary elites together with World Bank. IMF and World Trade Organization should be more crystalline in decision-making. In is besides really of import to include assorted non-governmental organisations stand foring involvements of societal justness. human rights environmental involvements and democracy in the decisionmaking processes. Most of the states affected by globalisation are developing states and most of these states have really immense debts. It seems impossible for these developing states to set tight regulations on international organisations in order to protect the local companies. But with the aid on anteroom groups. it is possible for authorities to take subsidies and freedoms offered to these transnational corporations. These transnational corporations should besides be held responsible for any error like devastation of the environment. Cancellation of debts will assist developing states grow economically but these states excessively should hold leaders who are accountable to the citizens. On that note. corruptness and lobbying should be dealt with at every degree. This is to guarantee just competition of concern trades. It is of import to authorise workers so that they can dicker for better working conditions. National authoritiess can besides protect their people by specifying working conditions to investors puting up endeavors in the state. Finally. it is of import we pattern ecological sustainability. Proper waste disposal. usage of alternate fuel beginnings ( scientifically proven to be sustainable ) . efficient and ecofriendly engineerings. sustainable agriculture patterns and rigorous environmental patterns are some of the ways of doing the universe sustainable. The most of import portion of sustainability is educating everybody on the importance of conserving the environment so it’s of import to take environmental motions deep down to the grass roots. Remember. it starts with me and you and the future coevalss will be thanking all of us. Mentions A better universe is possible: Options to Economic globalisation Report sum-up 2002 International forum on Globalization. Capra fritjof. 2002. The concealed connexions Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations: Economic and Social Development study. September 2010 hypertext transfer protocol: //anticap. wordpress. com/2011/03/14/what-globalization-paradox/ ( Website I downloaded the cover image ) .

Asus Industry Analysis

As a leading manufacturer AsusTek is able to perfectly meet the needs of today’s digital home and office. Inspiring Innovation is the foundation that we stand by. We strictly adhere to our â€Å"Asus way of total quality management† within every line we offer. Computer manufacturing company AsusTek offers a wide variety of technology consisting of laptops, personal computers, motherboard, broadband products, graphic cards, liquid crystal display, mobile telephones, pocket pc’s, server motherboards, server systems, computer accessories and peripherals. Jonney Shih (Chairman of ASUSTek Computer Inc. ) â€Å"Success stems from the generation of new ideas to create a world of constant flux and change, an open environment where exciting possibilities emerge. That is inspiring innovation† is the philosophy that the company stands behind. AsusTek strives to not only be the leading consumer technology brand but to remain focused on safeguarding our planet by producing eco-free products. We produced the industries first lead-free and halogen-free motherboard. Overseas a green supply chain management system maintains an online database of green vendors. According to the RoHS industry guidelines they restrict 6 hazardous substances but we further restrict an addition 31 substances for the safety of our customers, employees, and the earth From Environmental Analysis To Industry Analysis. Environmental to industry analysis * 2008, joined with Intel and Tsann Kuen Enterprise, to launch â€Å"PC Recycling for a Brighter Future† (collects and recycles old notebooks, PCs, and LCD monitors) * 1,200+ used products were refurbished and donated to needy users * Produced first lead-free and halogen-free motherboard First notebook manufacturer to receive EPD and EU Flower Eco certificates * Received recognition for efficient design at 2011 Energy Star Award Ceremony Apple products are lead, BFR, PVC, and mercury free. Glass used for production is arsenic-free. Determinants of Industry, Profit, and Competition * I remember you saying something about the chart below 4/15/2011 ASUS Recognized for Energy Efficient Product Design at 2011 ENERGY STAR Award Ceremony 1/6/2011 ASUS Ranked Highest Among Environmentally Friendly Electronic Products in the 2010 Greenpeace Electronics Survey 10/20/2010 ASUS Receives Top Marks from Electronics TakeBack Coalition for Recycling Efforts 10/19/2009 ASUS Produces the Worlds First Notebook Computer to Receive Carbon Footprint Certificate 10/12/2009 ASUS EPD and Carbon Footprint Experience Sharing and Awarding Ceremony   7/31/2009 ASUS Releases Corporate Sustainability Report for Fiscal Year 2008, Receiving the GRI-checked Application Level B Icon 4/10/2009 ASUS Strikes EPEAT Gold Again with VH Series LCD Monitors 2/2/2009 ASUS Leads the Way for Greener Computing with Launch of Halogen-free Product Processes across Major Product Lines   12/26/2008 ASUS N20A Notebook receives WinHEC Award 12/10/2008 ASUS Conferred Worlds First EuP Certification for Portable Notebooks for Its N Series Notebooks 11/21/2008 ASUS Becomes Worlds First to Receive Both EU Flower and Czech Eco Label Awards for Computers   10/1/2008 ASUS New N series Notebooks First to Earn EPEAT-Gold The Determinants of Industry Profit. Demand and Competition Despite growing consumer demand for PCs and tablets, industry profit will continue to fall because of intense price competition. To boost profitability, manufacturers will shift their focus away from consumer PC ales to more enterprise-oriented offerings, such as servers. The proliferation of cloud computing will prompt companies to increase their server investments. Analyzing Industry Attractiveness Porters 5 Forces of Competition: 1. In a continuously growing industry ASUSTek finds itself among large amounts of competition. Its direct rivals include Apple Inc. , Dell, and HP. 2. Threat of substitutes is low due to a very brand loyal industry with the top 5 manufacturers holding over half of the market share. 3. Threat of new entrants is low considering the top competitors are so powerful. Computer Technology as an industry that see’s new companies entering and exiting each year, but brand loyal customers who demand cutting edge technology stick with those powerful manufacturers. 4. There isn’t a certain supplier that has control over the market. 5. There is not one customer in particular that has an effect on this industry. Technology: In recent years technological advances have assisted everyone from parents, to businesses and their employees in simplifying everyday tasks. Advanced PC’s, netbooks, tablets, and smartphones of recent years have started becoming our main source of communication and information collection. Computer manufacturers see new trends like touchscreen, wireless capabilities, or voice command enter the industry, and suddenly all of them are altering their products to not only stay competitive but to meet their suppliers derived demand. Extended battery life, overall size, faster processing, cloud computing, and sync capabilities are some of the new technologies that each manufacturer offers in their own way. Competition from Substitutes Taiwanese website NCCC have posted images of what they claim to be the next generation Asus EEE Pad, codenamed â€Å"TF300T†. From the images the only specs known are a 10. 1? screen and a rear camera. The model number â€Å"TF300T† suggests that this could be the next version in the Transformer lineup after the original Transformer (TF101) and Transformer Prime (TF201). Threat of entry ASUSTek is the world’s top 3 leading consumer notebook vendor and maker of the best-selling and most award winning motherboards. Operating at such a high level in an industry like computer technology is not an easy task, even more difficult for those companies in their infancy stages. New entrants in computer technology face the daunting task of competing with organizations like ASUSTek whose reputation is as strong as their customer’s loyalty. In an industry as advanced as computer technology, large amounts of funding are necessary to test and develop new pieces of hardware. This also makes competition more difficult for new entrants whose budget may not allow them the ability create and test several lines of product. Asus has not only developed over 16 tried and true product lines, they are now altering them with renewable materials like leather and bamboo, revolutionizing the industry yet again. In order for ASUSTek to succeed in this ultra-competitive IT industry, they focus on speed-to-market, cost and service. Asus has developed a strong advantage in their product design, technology, quality, and value/cost. These strengths are marketed directly to the hearts of our loyal consumers, and have created a formula for success that is hard to duplicate. Rivalry Between Established Competitors * ASUS: Eee Pc VS. Lenovo ThinkPad Trends The current trend has been the tablet pc. It is light-weight, convenient and fairly cheap to purchase. Laptops with the highest performing components are also high in demand. I did some cross-referencing research by looking at who has the best product out today and compared it to the overall leading company in the industry. I found the companies with the best current products They are as follows; 1. HP had 17. 7% market share, compared to 17. 3% in last year’s third quarter. 2. DELL had an 11. 6% share of the market, compared to 12. 2% last year 3. APPLE took third place, with 12. 9% share. 4. ACER had a 10. 6% share in the third quarter, compared to a 14. 2% share last year. 5. SONY has a 11. 6 share in the third quarter, compared to a 12. 2% last year Then, the leading manufactures (based on consumer reports, link above) 1. ACER had a 10. 6% share in the third quarter, compared to a 14. 2% share last year. 2.

Reading response Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Reading response - Assignment Example The use of such a latin terms exists within the institutionalized culture of law. The use of Latin terms shows that the field has a formal attitude as it conducts its businesses. According to the Cornell University Law School (2014), de novo means ‘from the new’. A court may hear a case in de novo following an appeal on an arbitration decision. The Latin meaning of the word helps to explain its purpose. The term shows that the legal profession has a rigid structure. This is because it needs to have a standard way of doing things. It does affect the lives of people in a fundamental way. In addition, it betrays the seriousness with which legal professionals conduct themselves. In addition, it helps the lawyers to maintain some distance from their clients. Some people may regard the use of Latin words in legal circles as snobbery. However, that is a rather simplistic deduction. This is because the use of those words is due to the tradition of law. According to Mattila (2013), Latin used to be a lingua Franca and its demise did not change how it is used in a field which is obsessed with keeping traditions. Furthermore, the use of technical terms is important in the judiciary where there must be a vocabulary to refer to the myriad situations that may arise in daily activities. Furthermore, Latin is a dead language. This is particularly important in a field where past cases have to be referenced. This is because a dead language is not being developed. As a result, there is no change in words. In addition, the use of the term helps to make it universal. It ensures that lawyers and other legal professionals can understand the term used everywhere. The legal industry is global in nature since judges have to refer to rulings made in other countries. Furthermore, the Latin words have come to attain a special meaning. The use of English words may cause confusion due to

News Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

News Article - Essay Example ah’s tribulations began when a villager was incensed when Christian literature earmarked for Sherif Ramses’ store was accidentally delivered to him. Consequently, scores of Christians were rounded up by the Preventative Security Unit (an Islamic militia group), before being incarcerated in the absence of any formal charges, in a Tripoli jail (Morning Star News, March 14, 2013). According to the Morning Star News (March 14, 2013), while in the militia’s custody, Atallah like other Christian prisoners was severely beaten, tortured through electrocution by the militia and denied proper medical treatment by the medical personnel on duty, on March 6. To show for the extent of state apathy, the Libyan government explained away Atallah’s death which occurred on March 10, as having been caused by high blood pressure and collapsing. The embassy of Egypt on the other hand explained Atallah’s death as a culmination of natural causes. Morning Star News, (March 14, 2013) reports that these incidences sparked protests by the Coptic Solidarity, an advocacy group in Washington DC. The caucus demonstrated in front of the Libyan embassy, condemned Atallah’s murder and the failure on Egypt government’s part to defend its citizens, while calling for: the release of all Egyptians who had been charged with evangelization in Libya; and an investigation into Hakim Atallah’s death. The bereaved in Atallah’s murder include an 11-year-old daughter, a 15-year-old son and a widow, Mrs. Ragaa Abdallah. Atallah and his compatriot Ramses ran phone sales business and owned a bookshop which stocked Christian and secular literature, respectively. Apparently, members of the Preventative Security Unit used Ramses’ mobile phone to identify and apprehend other Christians in the area. The news item reveals the challenges of the 21st century faith as being caused by religious intolerance. It is a fact that the state-instigated religious persecution being meted out against

Andy Warhols Outer and Inner Space Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Andy Warhols Outer and Inner Space - Essay Example The paper "Andy Warhols Outer and Inner Space" states narrative and representation in "Outer and Inner Space", directed by Andy Warhol. He was able to maintain the austerity and reduction of his portrait films while incorporating an unprecedented degree of formal complexity. From the critical perspective, in his cinema artworks Warhol is not interesting in conveying visual information so much as translating the experience of posing in front of the camera, and the eerie emptiness that that experience could be said to entail. These formal means enabled him create a phenomenological portrait of our bifurcated experience of temporality itself, the present tense of experience splayed across the registers of future projection and past recollection.This is the main reason why his audience gets some sense of that emptiness through the amount of affective projection that the portraits seem to require from it. However, in Outer and Inner Space we have no time to daydream about Edie. Instead, t he Warhol’s narrative and representation causes our perceptual situation to unfold, in a sense, like Edie's own split experience. Warhol’s films are eminently devoted to real-time recordings of his performers doing such banal tasks as applying make-up, making coffee, talking on the phone, gossiping, having casual sex, drinking, arguing, kissing, sleeping and eating. Capturing ordinary, everyday action seemed was a central interest of the underground. This perspective referlected an important impulse in 1960s radicalism. , a perspective that historians Sohnya Sayres et al (1984) described as "the attempt to infuse life with a secular spiritual and moral content, to fill the quotidian with personal meaning and purpose" (p.18). Practically, looking at Warhol's Screen-Tests part of the magic and mystery one feels doubtless comes from a deep-seated desire to witness death give birth to life, for the photograph to become animated before one's eyes. However, no matter how "de ad" these images are presented, they can never remain "inert" when seen by the affectively-engaged spectator. During Outer and Inner Space Andy Warhol used the video tape-recorder to make two thirty-minute tapes of his rising superstar Edith Sedgwick (Angel, 1988, p.42). For the duration of both tapes, she appears in close-up and in profile, the bright, high-contrast image of her face almost completely filling up the frame. What space does exist is completely black. Her face does not appear in space so much as seem "cut out" from it - without depth, the image is as flat as a screen-print. Throughout the entire recording time, her face will barely move, and she will never face the camera. Rather, she gazes off to screen-right - towards the empty black space at the edge of the frame. This artistic approach corresponds to Warhol's avant-garde idea to provide a split within time: the present as past and the present as future. Simultaneously, audience is split between perceptual registers - the visible and the audible - just as Edie is split between her own self-image, and the voice in the back o f her head she cannot manage to dismiss. The two are, of course, importantly related. The video image is, for Edie, primarily audible. She rarely perceives the image directly, but its insistent

Analysis of news presentation of academic research Essay

Analysis of news presentation of academic research - Essay Example However, this is not the case with news research, as there is no particular detailed research undertaken to ascertain the authenticity of the information presented. Two articles, scholarly research and news media research, addressing the same issue, are very different. While the scholarly article reports about the actual study conducted, the news article is a report about the scholarly research report. It is thus less detailed and does not have as much information as the actual article. In view of this, in this paper, I will analyse two articles, both addressing the same issue, mobile phone advertising, will show the differences between the two articles. The article, â€Å"High stroke and heart disease link to living close to airports† is a news media report on the actual journal article, â€Å"Aircraft noise and cardiovascular disease near Heathrow airport in London: small area study† by Hansell,, et al. (2013). The report points the objective of the actual study, with out giving further details. In fact, there is little relationship between the information contained in the news article and the scholarly researcher. The author, using the thesis of the study that there is a positive relationship between aircraft noise and higher rates of stroke and heart diseases, reports on the outcomes of the study. ... from mentioning the study to support his story, the author uses little information, indicating that his was simply a news item with minimal scholarly intentions. The article, â€Å"Aircraft noise and cardiovascular disease near Heathrow airport in London: small area study† is a report by the researchers, Hansell, et al. (2013). The study points out that there is a high likelihood of people living close to airports to develop problems such as the stroke, coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular disease. The researchers, in order to prove the hypothesis of their study, conducted an analytic case study on neighbourhoods exposed to varying levels of aircraft noise related to Heathrow airport. The article sought to compare the hospital admission rates for people suffering from cardiovascular disease in this area. Using standard noise metric, the A weighted equivalent (Aeq) sound pressure level; the researchers established the relationship between people’s exposure to airpl ane noise and the increased risk of suffering from these diseases. The researchers, using a qualitative research technique, carried out an analysis comprising of 12 London boroughs and nine districts west of London. These were the groups with a high risk of exposure to noise emanating from Heathrow airport. For an article to qualify as a scholarly article, a research methodology should support the assertions made by the author. There are two main methods used in research, i.e. qualitative and quantitative, which researchers use while conducting their research, most significantly on data collection. According to Creswell (2003), qualitative research method (traditionally used in social sciences, but currently applied on market research) aims at gathering adequate information about an issue or an

Foundations of Critical Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Foundations of Critical Care - Essay Example Since this involved events surrounding a complex decision making at higher level where I am being guided by my mentor consistently, I felt John's model of structured reflection will be useful, and I will follow that in this reflective process (Johns, 1995, 226-235). Consequently, I will pay greater attention to my thoughts and emotions surrounding this event of my recent past experiences. This is the story of a patient whom I cared for in my placement in the critical care unit. In my placement in the critical care unit, my mentor assigned this patient to me. This is a middle-aged female patient who had abdominal surgery for her Crohn's disease and had been transferred to the intensive care unit for stabilization in a critical condition following anaesthesia. The intention of admission was to stabilize her and help her complete recovery form anesthesia so she can be extubated in the intensive care unit (Adam and Osbourne, 2005, 1-11). At assignment, I assessed her to find that she was sedated, was having very poor spontaneous breathing response, and intubated. She was connected to monitors, and a central venous pressure (CVP) line was inserted. A separate IV line was there, and it was running frusemide infusion at 2 mg/h since she was quite edematous. She was also advised hydrocortisone 50 mg intravenously three times a day along with her medications (Evans, 1998, 8-1 2). They diagnosed her to be in acute renal failure, and the management was expectant in that it would lead resolution of renal failure quickly. On my systematic assessment on assignment, my examination revealed that she has moderate oozing from her abdominal wound. However, her urine output was less than 40 mL/h, and from the urine in the bag, I thought that her urine was very concentrated. This is unlikely in an edematous patient with frusemide infusion. She was connected to ventilator at a PEEP of 10 to support her breathing. The striking feature was that her CVP was falling (Fitzpatrick and Donnelly, 1997, 271-279), and at the time of my care it was at 6. This was an obvious incongruence, and I discussed this with the Junior Doctor about her situation and requested him to reassess the condition. The doctor refused to relook at the situation and told that it was going fine. I felt frustrated since this patient needed to be assessed immediately for revising the management plan, an d I had hardly anything to do (Dowling et al., 1996, 1211-1214). Significant Issues From my academic learning, I knew that acute renal failure is not uncommon in a patient with prolonged and mutilative surgery. However, the care management must be collaborative in the critical care setting, since nurses remain closely attached to the patients during care delivery monitoring the patient on a minute-to-minute basis. Therefore, I felt I have a chance to know her progress or deterioration better than anyone else (Hudak & Galo, 1997, 16-26). Quite frequently, acute renal failures in postoperative patients are results of fluid depletion or dehydration, since the volume loss in the intraoperative period can be inadequately noticed. As the nurse in charge of her care, I felt the urge to actively participate in her care, and my input from that angle was to reassess her fluid status once again and to

Andy Warhols Outer and Inner Space Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Andy Warhols Outer and Inner Space - Essay Example The paper "Andy Warhols Outer and Inner Space" states narrative and representation in "Outer and Inner Space", directed by Andy Warhol. He was able to maintain the austerity and reduction of his portrait films while incorporating an unprecedented degree of formal complexity. From the critical perspective, in his cinema artworks Warhol is not interesting in conveying visual information so much as translating the experience of posing in front of the camera, and the eerie emptiness that that experience could be said to entail. These formal means enabled him create a phenomenological portrait of our bifurcated experience of temporality itself, the present tense of experience splayed across the registers of future projection and past recollection.This is the main reason why his audience gets some sense of that emptiness through the amount of affective projection that the portraits seem to require from it. However, in Outer and Inner Space we have no time to daydream about Edie. Instead, t he Warhol’s narrative and representation causes our perceptual situation to unfold, in a sense, like Edie's own split experience. Warhol’s films are eminently devoted to real-time recordings of his performers doing such banal tasks as applying make-up, making coffee, talking on the phone, gossiping, having casual sex, drinking, arguing, kissing, sleeping and eating. Capturing ordinary, everyday action seemed was a central interest of the underground. This perspective referlected an important impulse in 1960s radicalism. , a perspective that historians Sohnya Sayres et al (1984) described as "the attempt to infuse life with a secular spiritual and moral content, to fill the quotidian with personal meaning and purpose" (p.18). Practically, looking at Warhol's Screen-Tests part of the magic and mystery one feels doubtless comes from a deep-seated desire to witness death give birth to life, for the photograph to become animated before one's eyes. However, no matter how "de ad" these images are presented, they can never remain "inert" when seen by the affectively-engaged spectator. During Outer and Inner Space Andy Warhol used the video tape-recorder to make two thirty-minute tapes of his rising superstar Edith Sedgwick (Angel, 1988, p.42). For the duration of both tapes, she appears in close-up and in profile, the bright, high-contrast image of her face almost completely filling up the frame. What space does exist is completely black. Her face does not appear in space so much as seem "cut out" from it - without depth, the image is as flat as a screen-print. Throughout the entire recording time, her face will barely move, and she will never face the camera. Rather, she gazes off to screen-right - towards the empty black space at the edge of the frame. This artistic approach corresponds to Warhol's avant-garde idea to provide a split within time: the present as past and the present as future. Simultaneously, audience is split between perceptual registers - the visible and the audible - just as Edie is split between her own self-image, and the voice in the back o f her head she cannot manage to dismiss. The two are, of course, importantly related. The video image is, for Edie, primarily audible. She rarely perceives the image directly, but its insistent

Foundations of Critical Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Foundations of Critical Care - Essay Example Since this involved events surrounding a complex decision making at higher level where I am being guided by my mentor consistently, I felt John's model of structured reflection will be useful, and I will follow that in this reflective process (Johns, 1995, 226-235). Consequently, I will pay greater attention to my thoughts and emotions surrounding this event of my recent past experiences. This is the story of a patient whom I cared for in my placement in the critical care unit. In my placement in the critical care unit, my mentor assigned this patient to me. This is a middle-aged female patient who had abdominal surgery for her Crohn's disease and had been transferred to the intensive care unit for stabilization in a critical condition following anaesthesia. The intention of admission was to stabilize her and help her complete recovery form anesthesia so she can be extubated in the intensive care unit (Adam and Osbourne, 2005, 1-11). At assignment, I assessed her to find that she was sedated, was having very poor spontaneous breathing response, and intubated. She was connected to monitors, and a central venous pressure (CVP) line was inserted. A separate IV line was there, and it was running frusemide infusion at 2 mg/h since she was quite edematous. She was also advised hydrocortisone 50 mg intravenously three times a day along with her medications (Evans, 1998, 8-1 2). They diagnosed her to be in acute renal failure, and the management was expectant in that it would lead resolution of renal failure quickly. On my systematic assessment on assignment, my examination revealed that she has moderate oozing from her abdominal wound. However, her urine output was less than 40 mL/h, and from the urine in the bag, I thought that her urine was very concentrated. This is unlikely in an edematous patient with frusemide infusion. She was connected to ventilator at a PEEP of 10 to support her breathing. The striking feature was that her CVP was falling (Fitzpatrick and Donnelly, 1997, 271-279), and at the time of my care it was at 6. This was an obvious incongruence, and I discussed this with the Junior Doctor about her situation and requested him to reassess the condition. The doctor refused to relook at the situation and told that it was going fine. I felt frustrated since this patient needed to be assessed immediately for revising the management plan, an d I had hardly anything to do (Dowling et al., 1996, 1211-1214). Significant Issues From my academic learning, I knew that acute renal failure is not uncommon in a patient with prolonged and mutilative surgery. However, the care management must be collaborative in the critical care setting, since nurses remain closely attached to the patients during care delivery monitoring the patient on a minute-to-minute basis. Therefore, I felt I have a chance to know her progress or deterioration better than anyone else (Hudak & Galo, 1997, 16-26). Quite frequently, acute renal failures in postoperative patients are results of fluid depletion or dehydration, since the volume loss in the intraoperative period can be inadequately noticed. As the nurse in charge of her care, I felt the urge to actively participate in her care, and my input from that angle was to reassess her fluid status once again and to

Mobile Technology Essay Example for Free

Mobile Technology Essay Mobile technology is the technology used for cellular communication. Mobile code division multiple access (CDMA) technology has evolved rapidly over the past few years. Since the start of this millennium, a standard mobile device has gone from being no more than a simple two-way pager to being a mobile phone, GPS navigation device, an embedded web browser and instant messaging client, and a handheld game console. Many experts argue that the future of computer technology rests in mobile computing with wireless networking. Mobile computing by way of tablet computers are becoming more popular. The most popular tablet at the moment is the iPad, by Apple. Tablets are available on the 3G and 4G networks. Contents 1 4G networking 2 Operating systems 3 Channel hogging and file sharing 4 Future of smartphone 5 External links 6 References 4G networking One of the most important features in the [4G] mobile networks is the domination of high-speed packet transmissions or burst traffic in the channels. The same codes used in the 2G-3G networks will be applied to future 4G mobile or wireless networks, the detection of very short bursts will be a serious problem due to their very poor partial correlation properties. Recent study has indicated that traditional multi-layer network architecture based on the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model may not be well suited for 4G mobile network, where transactions of short packets will be the major part of the traffic in the channels. As the packets from different mobiles carry completely different channel characteristics, the receiver should execute all necessary algorithms, such as channel estimation, interactions with all upper layers and so on, within a very short time to make the detections of each packet flawless and even to reduce the clutter of traffic. Operating systems Many types of mobile operating systems (OS) are available for smartphones, including: Android, BlackBerry OS, webOS, iOS, Symbian, Windows Mobile Professional (touch screen), Windows Mobile Standard (non-touch screen), and Bada. Among the most popular are the Apple iPhone, and the newest Android. Android is a mobile operating system (OS) developed by Google. Android is the first completely open source mobile OS, meaning that it is free to any cell phone carrier. The Apple iPhone, which has several OSs like the 3G and 3G S, is the most popular smart phone at this time, because of its customizable OS which you can use to download applications (apps) made by Apple like games, GPS, Utilities, and other tools. Any user can also create their own Apps and publish them to Apples App Store. The Palm Pre using webOS has functionality over the Internet and can support Internet-based programming languages such as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), HTML, and JavaScript. The Research In Motion (RIM) BlackBerry is a smartphone with a multimedia player and third-party software installation. The Windows Mobile Professional Smartphones (Pocket PC or Windows Mobile PDA) are like that of a personal digital assistant (PDA) and have touchscreen abilities. The Windows Mobile Standard does not have a touch screen but uses a trackball, touchpad, rockers, etc. The original smartphone OS is Symbian, with a rich history and the largest marketshare until 2011. Although no single Symbian device has sold as many units as the iPhone, Nokia and other manufacturers (currently including Sony Ericsson and Samsung, and previously Motorola) release a wide variety of Symbian models each year which gave Symbian the greatest marketshare. Channel hogging and file sharing There will be a hit to file sharing, the normal web surfer would want to look at a new web page every minute or so at 100 kbs a page loads quickly. Because of the changes to the security of wireless networks users will be unable to do huge file transfers because service providers want to reduce channel use. ATT claimed that they would ban any of their users that they caught using peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing applications on their 3G network. It then became apparent that it would keep any of their users from using their iTunes programs. The users would then be forced to find a Wi-Fi hotspot to be able to download files. The limits of wireless networking will not be cured by 4G, as there are too many fundamental differences between wireless networking and other means of Internet access. If wireless vendors do not realize these differences and bandwidth limits, future wireless customers will find themselves disappointed and the market may suffer setback. Future of smartphone The next generation of smartphones are going to be context-aware, taking advantage of the growing availability of embedded physical sensors and data exchange abilities. One of the main features applying to this is that the phones will start keeping track of your personal data, but adapt to anticipate the information you will need based on your intentions. There will be all-new applications coming out with the new phones, one of which is an X-Ray device that reveals information about any location at which you point your phone. One thing companies are developing software to take advantage of more accurate location-sensing data. How they described it was as wanting to make the phone a virtual mouse able to click the real world. An example of this is where you can point the phones camera while having the live feed open and it will show text with the building and saving the location of the building for use in the future. Along with the future of a smart phone comes the future of another device. Omnitouch is a device in which applications can be viewed and used on your hand, arm, wall, desk, or any other everyday surface. The device uses a sensor touch interface, which enables the user to access all the functions through the use of finger touch. It was developed at Carnegie Mellon University. This device uses a projector and camera that is worn on the persons shoulder, with no controls other than the users fingers. Acknowledgment I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them. I am highly indebted to (Name of your Organization Guide) for their guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project also for their support in completing the project. I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents member of (Organization Name)for their kind co-operation and encouragement which help me in completion of this project. I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to industry persons for giving me such attention and time. My thanks and appreciations also go to my colleague in developing the project and people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities.

Fundamental Assumptions Of The Human Nature Politics Essay

Fundamental Assumptions Of The Human Nature Politics Essay The fundamental assumptions about human nature have played a major role in determining the philosophy of life for many people. In fact, the manner in which various societies are organized politically, socially as well as economically has a great dependence on basic assumptions on human nature. There are diverse theories on how societies are organized based on assumptions towards human nature. Actually, all these theories are composed of assumptions on the preferences of human beings. There are various complex problems facing the modern world and whose solutions solely reside in the assumptions that are made by policy makers concerning human nature. The assumptions on human nature have elicited diverse reactions and views from different people (Rifkin 2009). As such, people have had varied preferences on the best and acceptable form of governance for their societies. The world leaders apply different forms of governance depending on the assumptions they hold towards human nature. Governance based on human nature assumptions is an ancient principle spanning over 200 years ago. As a matter of fact, assumptions on human behavior can be traced to the enlightenment period (Turner 2006). This is the time when the concept of modern market was born and also the emergence of a state era nation. During the period of enlightenment, various thinkers such as the John Locke, Marquis de Condorcet, Adam Smith and other philosophers had their indignation on the views expressed by the Christian faith of the medieval period that human nature was depraved and fallen. Similarly, the same faith viewed humans as seeking the grace of God for salvation in the world to come. Consequently, these philosophers sought to believe that human nature contained autonomy, rationality, as well as utilitarianism. Moreover, they proposed that human nature obtained salvation in the material acquisition obtained during their lifetime. The enlightenment thought pattern has had immense impacts on peoples perception of human nature and their preferred nation-state. The main focus of the nation state is the protection of property as well as the maintenance of citizen interests in all endeavors. Based on assumptions on the autonomy of human beings, nation states have been created. Thus the need for material acquisition and attainment of salvation to human nature has brought about the perpetuation of economic activities (Rifkin 2009). For instance, most of the modern nations embrace the view of human autonomy and search for individual growth. On the other hand, assumptions that human nature is dependent on the supernatural beings may bring about a form of governance that vests powers and privileges on a chosen intermediary. Such governments include the all-powerful monarchies which represent the divine will in governance. Positive assumptions on human nature can promote effective governance. The modern society regards individual success and advancement with high esteem. Such assumptions make it justifiable for self governance (Turner 2006). The government is therefore justified to maintain the rules and regulations aimed at maintaining the agreed order. In spite of the shortcomings found in any form of governance, remarkable improvements can be done by embracing proper and correct assumptions on human nature. Additionally, immense success in governance can be attained through the embrace of new generation style of leadership. For instance, with the increased internal interrelationships, it is imperative for the government to take into account the biosphere politics which is a collaborative functioning of nations, regions as well as localities all embedded by similar governance and demands. Essay no.3 The federal government has the overall power and authority over all agencies. In fact, the federal government mandates the state offices to perform specific tasks in accordance to the requirements of their formation and governance. On their own, the federal agencies may not perform effectively. They derive all authority and power from the constitutional Acts that led to their formation and governance. Most importantly, there are essential requirements for the operation of the state agencies within such Acts (Ducat 2008). Therefore, the extent to which the federal agencies act and make rules and regulations is dependent upon the legality of the mandate by the federal government. The Supreme Court is mandated by the constitution to oversee all the legal activities of the federal government alongside the different federal agencies. As such, the regulations and rules applied by the agencies need to obtain approval of the Supreme Court. Moreover, there cannot be rules and regulations on h ow Federal agencies are to be rum without a nod from the Supreme Court (Ducat 2008). The entire process is supposed to be carried out through consultation with the federal constitutional requirements. The federal agencies are regarded as being independent regulatory offices. The functioning of the various Federal agencies and offices is facilitated by the congressional financial appropriation towards such agencies. Consequently, the relevance of the rules and regulations made by these agencies has to be determined by the congressional as well as constitutional requirements. The enforcement of the rules and regulations made by the Federal agencies in the Courts as laws has to dependent solely on the requirements of the Constitution (United States Office of Education 2010). For instance, an agency such as the Federal Communications Commission was formed by the Communications Act of 1934 and it enjoys its independence based on the Federal constitutional requirements. Moreover, the agency boasts of immense power and authority to make rules and regulations within its constitutional requirements. The powers and responsibilities of the commissioners mandated to govern these Agencies are clearly enumerated in the Acts. For example in the case of the FCC, there are various titles of the 1934 Act on its formation that enlist different requirements of the agency. In fact, the first Title gives the description of the administration, formation as well as powers of the FCC. The Act also clarifies the process of selection and hiring of the commissioners charged with the responsibility of manning the Commission (United States Office of Education 2010). The applicability and constitutionality of the rules and regulations made by Federal agencies and offices into laws in the courts depends on the Act on their formation. For example, the Acts tend to give a general functioning of the Agencies and their formation. However, there are specific issues that are left for the agencies to accomplish. Therefore, when the agencies narrow down the requirements of their formation, they are required to come up with rules and regulations on their functioning (Ducat 2008). Such rules and regulations need to be recognized by the courts. Nevertheless, the courts may fail to recognize such rules and regulations as laws under some conditions such as violation of certain federal laws or when the agencies act beyond their constitutional requirements. Section B: essay no. 1 The debate on human nature and governance has had diverse discussions and propositions from several philosophers. For instance, philosophers such as John Locke and Friedrich Nietzsche have had diverse ideas and focus towards human nature (Andrew 1999). The two philosophers have delved in various areas of interest depending on the circumstances during their time and the preferences of their studies. Nevertheless, there are pertinent issues that tend to classify their works based on human nature. Moreover, these philosophers were interested in understanding the working of the society with man as the main center of focus. From the perspective presented by John Locke, there are various factors that make human beings equal irrespective of the circumstances that entangle them. According to John Locke, there are various factors that bring about differences in views on religion and other issues in life. However, it is crucial that the differences are addressed in such a way as to promote better and harmonious relations among all men (Rifkin 2009). Furthermore, John Locke admits the existence of diversified views about religion and ways of life with each type claiming originality and superiority of beliefs. However, John Locke defends the importance of embracing tolerance towards the diversified views. Similarly, Locke proposed the importance of shunning the transmission of personal views and beliefs by elected representatives and embracing independence. Thus for him, human equity need to be the guiding principle for the maintenance of a civil society that enables human beings to thrive on individual basis. On the contrary, Friedrich Nietzsches perception of human beings on inequality is based on his immediate circumstances and beliefs. In fact, the views presented by Nietzsche about human beings leaves a lot to be desired. For instance, the claim that illusion tend to satisfy human intellect in most of the time shows how diabolical his views are. Similarly, Nietzsche dismisses the existence of rationality among men as the guide into truth (Andrew 1999). Surprisingly, he makes a proposition that deception forms the basis of human beliefs. The harsh presentation of human nature by Nietzsche does not reveal the true nature of man. For instance, the claims in Nietzsches perspective seem distorted and presenting a negative view on life in general and human beings in particular. On the other hand, Lockes views tend to place major importance on human capability and potential of self-determination. Lockes perspective presents a true account of man and his pursuit of better end.