Effect Of Humor: Validating Racial Stereotypes

Effect Of Humor: Validating Racial Stereotypes The purpose of this research paper is to examine the effect of humor on validating racial stereotypes. Race-based comedy provides stereotypical misconceptions that influence the audience to accept these racial characteristics rather than denounce them. Racial stereotyping in comedy establishes the existence of racially defined differences, thus causing them to be regarded as natural while encouraging audiences to apply reality to myth. My primary sources are the first and second Rush Hour films, on which I will perform a close reading of how the two main characters, both of whom are minorities, interact with each other. The dialogue between these two characters incorporates many well-known racial stereotypes. My secondary sources include studies of Asians, blacks, and whites watching the films and their responses to the films jokes in the negative portrayals of their particular race. The movies fall into the buddy-cop action genre, which generally includes a white protagonist with a minority sidekick who frequently gets into trouble. However, Rush Hour is able to break from this convention and has the possibility to comment on the problematic aspects of stereotyping. With articles analyzing the dialogue between the characters as well as providing background history of blacks and Asians, comedy is able to disguise stereotypes and jokes that in other circumstances people would find offensive. Racial humor suggests that the Rush Hour series is able to gain acceptability from blacks, Asians, and whites because comedy is a form in which people will not take offense at racial exaggerations. Humor functions as rhetoric. It may not solve the problem of racial stereotyping but it provides the audience with the ability to look beyond the boundaries of race and come to understand how the triangulation of whites, blacks, and Asians allows for an infusion of identities. Annotated Bibliography Ma, Sheng-mei. Yellow King Fu and Black Jokes. Television New Media 1.2 (2000): 239-244. Sage Journals. Web. 17 January 2011. This scholarly article, written by Sheng-mei Ma professor at Michigan State University who specializes in Asian American studies and East-West comparative studies documents the start of the phenomenon of pairing an Asian martial artist with an African American comedian. Ma provides a historical context to movies such as the Rush Hour series, which combine yellow kung fu and black jokes (241). He begins by noting that the genre of kung fu was introduced to the West by Bruce Lee. Although there was no emphasis on black jokes in earlier kung fu films that starred Lee, The Last Dragon marks the development of racial depictions. In this film a young African American bows, meditates, and wears the stereotypical Chinese dress (240). The Asian Americans, on the other hand, take on black dialect and body rhythm (240). Ma considers the joining of yellow kung fu and black jokes as a marriage of convenience for box office profit in which the public supports this collaboration. Films such as Ru sh Hour contain jokes that include the common prevailing notions of Asians and blacks in American mass media, which would render yellow yellower and black blacker. However, this odd couple is able to blend with each other, creating a racial hybridity. Rush Hour focuses on the relationship between the Asian and African American stars; therefore, the film offers the likelihood of cross-racial identification. The article provides film theorists and scholars with new understandings of race-based comedy. Mas writings reinforce my thesis for the buddy-cop genre has a history of interracial partnerships where race is explicitly shown. Thus, besides validating racial differences, such films hybridize todays multicultural society. Nishime, LeiLani. Im Blackanese': Buddy-Cop Films, Rush Hour, and Asian American and African American Cross-racial Identification. Asian North American Identities: Beyond the Hyphen. Ed. Eleanor Ty and Donald C. Goellnicht. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2004. 43-60. Print. This expository piece, written by LeiLani Nishime Assistant Professor in the Department of Communications at the University of Washington who specializes in multiracial and interracial studies, Asian American media representations, and Asian American sub cultural production analyzes the history of Asian American and African American relations. The chapter explains how Rush Hour breaks the general conventions of a buddy-cop film and defies the norms of Hollywood film and generic character stereotype. She utilizes the film Rush Hour as an example for its portrayal of race relations with its removal of the white male character. By including Chan as well as Tucker, the film appeals to a wider range of audiences. The purpose is primarily to inform, but it also encourages the reader to examine certain films for comedic relief as well as social and cultural commentary. Rush Hour is a comedy yet it helps the audience to notice the concept of racial power. In most buddy-cop films, there is always someone in control and someone who is simply the follower. The white male will never be the buddy but with Chan and Tucker, they are almost equals. Nishime is most likely targeting Asian Americans because for an Asian American, America is characterized by both African American and Euro-American society. Rush Hour offers a vision of cross-racial identification and the idea of hybrid identities for there is a convergence of culture in music and film (48). This builds upon my thesis in that besides an acceptance of racially defined differences, race-based humor can provide a possible changing of racial hierarchy and the questioning of racial tolerance. Such a composition is more geared towards academia instead of garnering attention from the general public because it provides background information about Asian/Black relations, applies elevated language, and creates a possibility of a future state of relations. Park, Ji Hoon. Naturalizing Racial Differences Through Comedy: Asian Black, and White Views on Racial Stereotypes in Rush Hour 2. Journal of Communication 56 (2006): 157-177. International Communication Association. Web. 17 January 2011. This research article, written by Ji Hoon Park Assistant Professor in Communication at Hope College who specializes in Asian stereotypes in the media- analyzes the ideological implications of racial stereotyping. The article, which is a result of sociology study, explains that though minorities are starring in more mainstream films, a racial hierarchy is still evident. The study included a focus group of whites, black, and Asians in order to analyze subtle reactions and responses to the films implicit stereotypes. Minorities continue to inhibit negative stereotypes but the contradiction that arises is that these stereotypical portrayals have commercial viability. Rush Hour 2 is an example of this incongruity between racism in comedy and widespread popularity. Park discusses how the genre of comedy allows for its audience to make an interpretation of racial jokes as harmless for stereotypes are an important element of comedy in that they help establish specific character classificati ons that are based on some truth that has been exaggerated. This supports my thesis because I contend that race-based humor influences the audience to not challenge the established assumptions of race. His study supports this belief since the focus group was able to laugh throughout the entire movie. Most participants did not find the humor personally offensive but they do acknowledge that the racial humor has the possibility of becoming prejudiced. In comedy, Park notes that a joke is conceived of as racist based on whether a minority is telling it or a white person. Another aspect that creates success for this film is that all races are objects of mockery and bias. Parks conclusion is that racial stereotypes are problematic because realism in the media encourages viewers to incorporate on-screen attitudes and beliefs into the real world (172). Racial ideology is also embedded in Jackie Chans performance of the racial myth of an Asian man who excels in kung fu but is culturally ign orant as well as Chris Tucker personifying a coon (159). Furthermore, with the study, it becomes clear that the comedic portrayals of racial traits encourage participants to see the small truths in racially defined charactertistics rather than dispute these distortions. It does prompt the audience to consider that when viewing a comedy, critical analysis is usually absent and this can lead to a belief that racial differences are natural and not culturally created. Park is targeting teenagers and adults because they are able to apply actuality to racial myths and hence find amusement in the satirical portrayals of race. The anticipated audience could also include scholars since this composition was published in the Journal of Communication and scholars will be more interested in learning about the responses of black, white, and Asian viewers and how they make sense of racial differences. Rush Hour. Screenplay by Jim Kouf and Ross LaManna. Dir. Brett Ratner. Perf. Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker. New Line Cinema, 1998. DVD. Rush Hour, directed by Brett Ratner one of Hollywoods most successful directors stars Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker. It achieved commercial success and became the 7th top grossing film of 1998. The plot of the film centers on the kidnapping of the daughter of the Chinese Consol. Inspector Lee, played by Jackie Chan, is called to assist in the investigation because it is believed that the mysterious Crime Lord Juntao is behind the kidnapping. Lee finds himself paired with Detective James Carter of the Los Angeles Police Department, played by Chris Tucker. They gradually learn to work together and are able to reunite the family as well as discover the identity of Juntao. Rush Hour disrupts Hollywoods racial hierarchy by removing white culture and focusing on Asian American and African American culture. The film is able to break down the boundaries between races and reconstruct hierarchies, but the enjoyment of numerous racial ideologies that are integrated within the dialogue and scen es, prove that the jokes influence the audience to reify their own racial beliefs. The film gained positive reviews about Tuckers comedic performance and how Chan and Tucker work very well together. This fact supports my thesis of how race-based humor naturalizes racial differences, so the audience is more likely to focus on the true aspects of a stereotype instead of challenging the distorted portrayal. The positive reception proves that there is a paradox between racist representations and widespread approval and acceptance. The movie targets teenagers and adults because they have preconceived notions about different racial groups. Without these conceptions, the film would not be able to garner laughter but rather offense. Rush Hour 2. Screenplay by Jeff Nathanson and Ross LaManna. Dir. Brett Ratner. Perf. Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker. New Line Cinema, 2001. DVD. Rush Hour 2, directed by Brett Ratner one of Hollywoods most successful directors stars Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker. It received high box-office revenues and is considered one of the highest grossing martial arts films of all time. This sequel to the 1998 film Rush Hour follows Inspector Lee, played by Chan, and Los Angeles Police Detective James Carter, played by Tucker, and the adventures that they have. Carter is on vacation visiting Lee in Hong Kong, but they soon find themselves implicated in a scandal that involves counterfeit money, which brings them from Hong Kong to Los Angeles and then finally to Las Vegas. Although this movie is a comedic action film, it challenges typical Hollywood films by starring two minorities. While minorities have traditionally been casted in the roles of a sidekick or villain, Chan and Tucker are the main protagonists. By challenging the popular notion that the leading role features an individual from the dominant white race, Rush Hour 2 propose s the possibility of a cross-racial bonding between an Asian and an African American. Chan and Tucker both embody the stereotype of their particular race: Chan is a serious Asian man yet extremely skilled in Kung Fu, while Tucker is a tall African American who acts childish and seems very impulsive. To the everyday viewer, this movie serves as an entertaining comedy, but for such representations of race to be humorous, the audience must unconsciously accept or believe the stereotypes to be somewhat true. Thus, supporting my thesis that besides entertainment, the movie proves that race in comedy generalizes and influences people to accept racially defined characteristics. The movie targets teenagers and adults because it implies that a previous understanding of stereotypes is needed for the jokes to make sense and have their intended response, which is laughter. Global Strategic Management: Advantages and Disadvantages Global Strategic Management: Advantages and Disadvantages Strategic management is the process by which strategies and policies are put into action through the development of programs, budgets and procedures can be further explained that an organizations objectives must be identified in order to develop such policies and plans. The Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and executive team should implement such plans. Strategic Management provides overall direction to the whole enterprise. The organizations strategy must be appropriate for its resources, circumstances, and objectives. (Wheelen and Hunger 2006 p. 16.) Strategy can also be defined as the procedures involving development, drafting, implementation and assessment of multi functional decisions that are employed in an organization or firm so as it attains its short term and long term objectives, its the criteria used in specifying the firms mission, vision and developing of policies and plans and how to implement them with the goal of achieving the stipulated objectives. It further assigns r esources for implementation of policies, plans, projects and programs. Traditionally strategic management has been employed on a local basis where the objectives and plans are not global oriented, but lately the traditional concepts have been embraced in a global manner i.e. extending the skills in a world scale perspective. Global strategic management offers a clear insight on the effect of globalization in business management and organizations and hence it demands that managers should respond in the same or higher intensity in order to reap in the high benefits that come with it, Managers and CEOS have to understand that the global phenomenon does not just come into play by making your firm global but they are required to develop models that embraces and resists strains from multinational networks of subsidiaries and ensure the models considers the required persistence of deep and momentous cross – national differences with these in play and appreciation of the diversity that exists across borders and continents politically, culturally and economically Global Strategic management can be achieved and dividends passed on to the investors. Global strategic management involves a set on conceptual tools that help in navigating through the often contradictory and ambiguous mass of information, market, working staff and to sum it all up this all done and appreciated on an international platform. There exists a series of considerations that have to always be kept on the check and always be incorporated in the complex decision making procedures that characterizes this level of business management. Managers and business executives at this level have to appreciate the differences between the multi-domestic and global nature of running business at this level, traditional strategic management concepts which have proved successful in local setting have faced challenges on a global arena and given back futile results this in a way have led to extensive losses by the affected firms. With this in mind firms that are already running on a global setting or have this as a future goal have not only have or plan to have a solid global st rategic plan thats strictly tailored for the specific firm but have to in depth have a set of monitoring and evaluation criteria of exactly what type of global strategy is theirs and and will it earn them long-term profitability and value. Due to the nature and extent of running global firms many management techniques are to be employed, this have to easily integrate all the different departments in a synchronized and harmonious manner, this in itself boosts the overall management and performance of the firm. Global management requires employee management from the department heads to the lowest staff on the command chains where each and every staff of each firm has to have a clear definition and understanding of the companys objectives, mission and vision. While this is being done employees have to understand that with more powers comes extra responsibilities and hence part of the strategic management plans should involve sufficient management accountability, communications and oversight from the top executives and for this to be easily achieved and in a successful manner their responsibilities have to be broken down in processes and tasks that can be easily reflected in productivity and profitability terms. And to eas ily attain these and continuously motivate the employees in achievement of the overall company global objective direct communication channels should be created and lower placed staff should be encouraged to use the open communication means for the attainment of the goal and their role in it should be well appreciated. In addition since on a global perspective the employees base is wide and shares extreme cultural and relational ways of lives the global firms should be able to compliment this in their employees and not fight it this is an important motivational practice especially for the workers. Global firms need to also employ a detailed study research and SWOT (Strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis, and this should be done not on their already existing markets but on a wider and more challenging global perspective. The strength of the firms in a global arena need to be analyzed and in them more research should be done in order to maximize on their potential so as to enjoy the full benefits of being a global firm. The weaknesses on the other hand should not at any time be pushed aside since they define the loophole if hit well can drain the company back to the ground, hence all the weak links should be investigated and be well covered in a strong strategic defence mechanism. On the other hand the opportunities that openly lie and exist in the strategic plans of the firm need to be intelligently harnessed or tapped and full benefit accrued from them. Lastly like in the local business management global arenas also exposes the business to threats which are even more complicated than the local ones, hence when developing the strategic plan for the wider market a deeper scan is mandatory and once all are identified ways of curbing them in case anything crops up need to be developed, this had to be carefully done though since one might by fear scare away for rucuitive opportunities by not risking. Some few changes also need to be considered when developing the global plan, increase in the number of staff in order to match the extensive work load that comes up with the global market, other mechanisms employed by firms is the change of brand names and adopting of new and re-branded tags that sell the firm as a global entity and is more convincing to the market. The marketing of the firm as a global entity also need to be done but extremely vigorous so as to expose the firm clearly to the markets especially the global market. Political differences and interferences have also been some of the most important factors for consideration in the development of a firms global strategic plans. The management has to take into consideration that the firms doesnt perform under similar political backgrounds and in each country they are involved the case is extremely unique and its specific conditions need to be considered and thought of completely carefully since the differences experienced from one country to the other are important. Some of the most successful global firms even go to the extent of exchanging favours for business favours this has proved important and successful to those firms. In their planning the forms also employ social procedures which they serve the local communities with and this increases their popularity. Competitive Tactics are also very important in global strategic management, even though the market increases with size, the players in the market also increase a firm need to develop means of staying afloat in the market. The tactics have to be modern enough and able to make the customers chose it over other competitors in the market. They should be tailored to each specific consumer in each country in a language, tone and tongue they understood. Advantages of global strategic management Lower marketing costs Economies of scale in production and distribution Ability to leverage good ideas quickly and efficiently Helps to encourage ancillary industries to be set up to cater fo Uniformity of marketing practices Power and scope Consistency in brand image Helps to establish relationships outside of the political arena From the above its clear that this and more benefits are obtained from global strategic plans and this can be easily seen from first the scope of the work the firm does, this brings in more returns from the economies of scale that can be obtained from this. They also encouraged interaction among other firms global ones and this opens up chances and experiences for expansion one firm is able to learn from another an hence improve on areas the firm was weak before. The extended demographic coverage done by this firms also makes them gain firsthand experience on handling large number of clientele, data, resources and hence from their large portfolios they can easily develop even to larger firms by expanding their global strategic plans. The advantages gained from management of a firm on a international perspective range all over business management, and if the opportunities are carefully taken and the risks technically mitigated against the success of any company on a global perspective is very imminent and should be pursued though carefully by any developing firm from any location on the globe. Disadvantages of global strategic management Differences in consumer response to marketing mix elements. Differences in consumer needs, wants, and usage patterns for different products. Differences in product placement at the market. Differences in administrative procedures of the company between different employees and the employer. Differences in the legal environment, some of which may conflict with those of the home market especially when dealing with countries in the developing world. Differences in brand and product development and the competitive environment. Differences in the institutions available, some of which may call for the creation of entirely new ones (e.g. infrastructure). In a case where the global recession affect the developed worlds like our country,this may greatly affect the strategic management of the companies and this in turn affect different branches of the same company in different parts of the world, this is a great disadvantage. Different parts of the world have different laws governing investment and some of the laws and rules are hard on the foreign investors,therefore creating a big setback to strategic management of the different companies. REFERENCES http://www.palgrave.com/business/lasserre/ www.wikepedia.com http://mimm-ltd.com/Documents/WSGEC2009_UK_Program_Book_7-15-09-.pdf http://www-management.wharton.upenn.edu/mcdermott/files/MGMT655.pdf

Crippen case Essay

1. Why was the Crippen case important? †¢ It was one of the first forensic cases. 2. What was Crippen accused of? Why was he accused of this crime? †¢ Crippen was accused of killing his wife. He was accused of this crime because his wife suddenly disappeared, and his secretary moved in with him. 3. Why do you think people were so interested in Crippen’s case? †¢ I think people were so interested in the Crippen case because it was one of the first forensic cases and there was a lot of doubt. The case was reopened 100 years later to further investigate if he was actually guilty or not. 4. Why was forensic science important in Crippen’s trial? How was it used in the trial? †¢ Forensic science is important in the Crippen trial to help identify the victim and the evidence found. 5. What do modern forensic scientists find when they examine samples of the remains? †¢ The found out that it was a male when they examined the remains. 6. What other evidence linked Crippen to the remains in the cellar? †¢ There were bloodstains on a shirt, and they found the pair of pants in his room. 7. What other inconsistencies were found in the case when the evidence was re-examined? Why do you think these inconsistencies were ignored at the time of the Crippen trial? †¢ An inconsistency found in this case was the fact that after the victim was poisoned why were they cut up if it was supposed to look like a natural death. I think these inconsistences were ignored at the time because they weren’t as advanced with cases like that back in the day. 8. Do you think Crippen killed his wife? Why or why not? †¢ No I do not think Crippen killed his wife. There are a lot of inconsistencies involved in this case and there is no proof found that he killed her.

Group Vs. Individual Decision Making - 2267 Words

Group vs. Individual Decision Making Business success is fairly uncertain but it helps when there is collaboration in the working environment. This means that inputs must come from all members of the organization because everyone has something to contribute. Inputs do not merely refer to raw materials but contributions of employees based on their opinions and suggestions about the company’s future or direction. Thus, the success of a business is not solely based on how raw materials are efficiently converted into outputs. This is because business processes can be automated. Automation of these processes can only add efficiency and lower costs but there are other aspects of a business that require decisions to be made. In fact, decisions are important to organizations and making the right ones – especially on important issues are crucial. In any organization, decision making serves as a factor which could either break it or make it. Hence, it is important that sound decisions are made so that the goals of a certain organization or company are realized. Aside from that, profits and productivity are expected to increase if decisions are able to meet the demands of business trends. In traditional organizational structures, decisions are lodged in the topmost stages of the ladder. In other words, only the top executives make the decisions for the company’s future and direction. In some instances, only the chief executive officer will only decide for the company. As aShow MoreRelatedIndividual Decision Making vs Group Decision Making2832 Words   |  12 Pages‘Given the potential problems associated with group decision making, organisations should rely on individual decision making whenever possible’. How far do you agree/disagree with this statement? 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The For The Home Office - 3173 Words

The Home Office (2013) stated that the definition of racially motivated victimisation is â€Å"any incident, including any crime, which is perceived by the victim or any other person to be motivated by a hostility or prejudice, based on a person’s race or perceived race†. The definition of race has been widely contested by different academics such as Omi and Winant (1986) who developed the Racial Formation theory, a theory that claimed that race is something that is fluid, where the racial order is organized and enforced by the continuity and reciprocity between micro-level and macro-level of social relations (p.67), which suggest that race is determined by how we interact with others and the social structures and common ideologies of a society (p.66-67). Whilst anthropologists follow a different discourse of race, which suggest that race is a static and unchanging concept based purely on physical and genetic criteria (Cartmill, 1998). 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With this in mind, learning how to remove toxins from office and home will be advantageous in making the air we breathe healthier. HoweverRead MoreThe Hero Of Alexandria As A Doctor s Office Or At Home1169 Words   |  5 PagesAt one time in our life, we have all had it done, at a doctor’s office or at home. While the process has gotten easier over the years, it is still intrusive. For some of us, it is a reminder of some traumatizing childhood memories, of past temperature taking techniques. In 2016, that has all changed to a non-intrusive, painless, and non-traumatizing experience with the introduction of the Withing’s â€Å"Thermo† Smart Temporal Thermometer. The word thermometer comes from the Greek words ÃŽ ¸ÃŽ µÃ ÃŽ ¼ÃÅ'Ï‚, thermos

Social Networking Addiction Free Essays

The last decade witnessed an explosion of social networks such as Myspace and Facebook, which added a new social dimension to the web. While such networks have made people, communities and groups with shared interests stay more â€Å"connected,† Internet addiction and social network addiction in particular also started being recognized as psychological disorders all over the world. While several 90? studies focused on Internet addiction, the next decade saw the growth of a new addiction related to all manner of social networking sites, especially the current king of the jungle: Facebook. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Networking Addiction or any similar topic only for you Order Now In a recent study from the University of Athens, Greek psychiatrists argued that a woman who had gone as far as losing her job on account of her compulsion to check and update her Facebook, could be identified as a â€Å"social network addict. † Of course, there are different levels of social network addiction. Another recent study carried out at a Czech University analyzed Facebook-related academic procrastination. Though based on a sample too small to draw any general conclusions, one interesting finding of the research was that people tended to be unaware of just how much time they really spent on Facebook, and the effect this might have on their academic performance. On the other hand, it has been noted that there may be a correlation between low self-esteem and a sense of social inadequacy and social network addiction. It seems that many types of social interaction which would present great challenges in the real world for certain types of individuals have been rendered much easier for them in the virtual world, thus putting them at a higher risk of becoming addicted to Facebook and the like. A Mexican study found that Facebook addicts (a category defined by reportedly spending over four hours everyday on Facebook) had a higher incidence of depression and lower physical and general self-esteem levels than less frequent Facebook users. There are many factors that determine the characteristics of Internet and social network addictions in different parts of the world. The nature and scope of these problems are not only affected by technological advancement and the number of computers connected to the Internet per capita and other such quantitative data, but cultural factors are also key in determining the local incidence of these addictions. While social network addiction is not included in the DSM IV, many researchers advocated its inclusion in DSM V, which is currently under way. For example, in a 2008 editorial for the American Journal of Psychiatry, IAD (Internet Addiction Disorder) inclusion advocate Dr. Jerald Block cited the case of South Korea, stating that: After a series of 10 cardiopulmonary-related deaths in Internet cafes  and a game-related murder, South Korea considers Internet addiction one of its most serious public health issues. Using data from 2006, the South Korean government estimates that approximately 210,000 South Korean children (2. %; ages 6–19) are afflicted and require treatment. About 80% of those needing treatment may need psychotropic medications, and perhaps 20% to 24% require hospitalization. Since the average South Korean high school student spends about 23 hours each week gaming, another 1. 2 million are believed to be at risk for addiction and to require basic counseling. In particular, therapists worry about the increasing number of individuals dropping out from school or work to spend time on computers. As of June 2007, South Korea has trained 1,043 counselors in the treatment of Internet addiction and enlistedover 190 hospitals and treatment centers. Nevertheless, the DSMV V draft released earlier this year revealed â€Å"work group members decided there was insufficient research data† to include Internet addiction in the newly created â€Å"behavioral addictions† category. It has been over 13 years since pioneer Kimberley S. Young adapted the DSM IV criteria for gambling addictions to define Internet addiction. While her proposed diagnosis criteria have virally spread (to use a familiar term related to social networking) all over the world, it seems that the scientific community is not yet ready to reach a consensus as to what this type of addiction entails. Social networks have changed the ways we interact with each other enormously. One thing that has changed dramatically is the concept of meeting people. This was brought to my attention a couple of weeks ago, when I met a musician for the first time, whom I had casually crossed online a couple of times. Oddly enough, none of us acted as if this were a â€Å"first meeting. † Another thing that called my attention was when another musician said from the stage â€Å"thank you for coming; because a lot of people say they are attending on Facebook but they never show up. † This also made me think about how much time we are devoting to talking about Facebook, even when we are offline, and how many times we log on to Facebook to show our friends something, even during actual person-to-person meetings or social gatherings. Every drug has a gratification component, and, if social networks are causing an addiction, they must have one too. A very interesting study from the University of Bath tried to identify these gratifications, concluding that: Users derive a variety of uses and gratifications from social networking sites, including traditional content gratification alongside building social capital, communication, surveillance and social networking surfing. The different uses and gratifications relate differentially to patterns of usage, with social connection gratifications tending to lead to increased frequency of use, and content gratifications to increased time spent on the site. While the incidence of social network addictions in other parts of the world may not be as dramatic as Internet gaming addictions, for example, seem to be in some Asian countries, the rapid growth of social networks both in reach and in the number of interaction possibilities, poses new problems everyday for the elaboration of solid diagnostic criteria. From academic procrastination to social impairment as far as real physical interactions are concerned, diminished productivity at work and physical problems associated with a sedentary lifestyle; there seem to be enough problems related to Internet and social network addictions to give researchers enough to work on for many years to come. References Karaiskos, D. , Tzavellas, E. , Balta, G. , Paparrigopoulos, T. (2010). P02-232 – Social network addiction : a new clinical disorder? European Psychiatry, 25, 855-855 DOI:10. 1016/S0924-9338(10)70846-4 Holbova, P. Academic procrastination on Facebook. Masaryk University, Czech Republic. Herrera, M. , Pacheco, M. , Palomar, J. , Zavala, D. Facebook Addiction Related to Low Self-Esteem, Depression and Lack of  Social Skills. Psicologia Iberoamericana,  Vol. 18 No. 1 (2010). Block, J. (2008). Issues for DSM-V: Internet Addiction  American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(3), 306-307 DOI:  10. 1176/appi. ajp. 2007. 07101556 Report on the American Psychiatric Association’s revisions for DSM V. YOUNG, K. (1998). Internet Addiction: The Emergence of a New Clinical DisorderCyberPsychology Behavior, 1  (3), 237-244 DOI:  10. 1089/cpb. 1998. 1. 237 How to cite Social Networking Addiction, Papers

John Betjemans view of women John Betjeman is very famous for his poetry, especially his style Essay Example For Students

John Betjemans view of women John Betjeman is very famous for his poetry, especially his style Essay John Betjeman is very famous for his poetry, especially his style. He used mockery with nostalgia, criticism with affection and melancholia with humour. This is shown in many of his poems especially those about women. When poets write about women they usually say how feminine they are. How petite, caring and loving. They usually go into depth on their beautiful and compare them with flowers or special treasures. However John Betjeman describes how much he loves a sports girl, thats adventurous and strong. He doesnt compare them to sweet innocent possessions but as men or large monstrous hedges or bushes. His women are not seen or admired for their caring abilities yet for their talent for their strength in sports. In Myfanwy Betjeman thinks about what she would have looked like when she was younger. In this poem Betjeman is in his early childhood, sitting in his playpen admiring his nanny who is Myfanwy. This poem does show some of Myfanwys feminine ways as he says about her smell of fresh soap and her softness. Then he thinks to himself was she a hockey girl, tennis or gym. Was she a prefect or head of her dormitory? As though her feminine ways are obvious he wants to know whether she was sporty in her youth, he wants to know what she is like in depth. He has images appear in his head of her dressed in useful clothing like a school uniform riding her bike. When he thinks of Myfanwy he seems to act childish. Like child nursery rhymes they are nice to hear, and are a pleasure for children. The way Betjeman describes Myfanwy appearance and thinks of her reading a childrens book to him, this shows that not only does he adore her but finds her a pleasure to be with. The use of language in this poem shows us that he adores her, by the use of adjectives at the beginning of nearly every sentence. The use of questions helps to add pace. Pace is quite powerful and seen as strong like his women. This poem shows that Betjeman likes to be protected. This is why he has put himself in a venerable position of being a young child, needing care and attention. He wants to be cared for by an older stronger woman. You will protect meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. ringleader, tom-boy, and chum to the weak. He makes himself seem weak and needing a lot of protection. Most women want a man who is strong and protective of them, its very unusual for a man to want protection. Betjeman seems to prefer strong ladies maybe due to his insecurity. In Oxford: sudden illness at the bus stop Betjeman talks about women and how materialism doesnt make them happy. He talks about a lady and her husband going from poor to riches. And having luxury furnishings and home. The poem then goes on to describe that the lady is being left at home and is put upon to create dinner parties for his fellow mates at work. At first she liked the idea and liked to create them, but after time she didnt enjoy it and felt resentful, unwanted. The parties and entertaining was growing old and boring. Although with having all this materialism made one feel safer she was unable to enjoy it. This woman would give up everything to go back to how her life was before when she was loved and her life was simple. The use of language in this poem show that he feels that materialism isnt the key to happiness. That this woman felt that she needed to do something else apart from entertaining her husbands colleges. .ue5ed5720326ca4e1690bcf362bd5a7b7 , .ue5ed5720326ca4e1690bcf362bd5a7b7 .postImageUrl , .ue5ed5720326ca4e1690bcf362bd5a7b7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue5ed5720326ca4e1690bcf362bd5a7b7 , .ue5ed5720326ca4e1690bcf362bd5a7b7:hover , .ue5ed5720326ca4e1690bcf362bd5a7b7:visited , .ue5ed5720326ca4e1690bcf362bd5a7b7:active { border:0!important; } .ue5ed5720326ca4e1690bcf362bd5a7b7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue5ed5720326ca4e1690bcf362bd5a7b7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue5ed5720326ca4e1690bcf362bd5a7b7:active , .ue5ed5720326ca4e1690bcf362bd5a7b7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue5ed5720326ca4e1690bcf362bd5a7b7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue5ed5720326ca4e1690bcf362bd5a7b7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue5ed5720326ca4e1690bcf362bd5a7b7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue5ed5720326ca4e1690bcf362bd5a7b7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue5ed5720326ca4e1690bcf362bd5a7b7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue5ed5720326ca4e1690bcf362bd5a7b7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue5ed5720326ca4e1690bcf362bd5a7b7 .ue5ed5720326ca4e1690bcf362bd5a7b7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue5ed5720326ca4e1690bcf362bd5a7b7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: William Wordsworth as a Poet of Nature: EssayI feel that Betjeman is trying to show that women who are not active and are put upon are not as happy and beautiful as those who live life as active as possible. What forks since then have been slammed in places? à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ too much, too many! So fetch the doctor. This shows that she is totally fed up of preparing dinners that this is enough no more its making her depressed, thats why she needs a doctor. Betjeman could also be trying to put across that those who are materialised and live in urban areas suffer with more health problems than those who live in rural areas with active outdoor jobs do. The lady seems to be old too much, too many! à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ This dress has grown such a heavier load since Jack was only a Junior Proctor. Thus thinking to her self what as she got to show for it, apart from materialism not happiness. Another poem which backs up this point of view of women not being happy when surrounded by luxury furnishings or ways of life is Sun And Fun. Betjeman is trying to show the ladies point of view about her life. She says that when she was younger she was rich and fashionable and had fun yet when she looks back on her life she says what was it all for. She regrets her life. Youth and Age on Beaulieu River, Hants. This poem starts off by describing the countryside and scenic routes. In this poem Betjeman describes a woman as shapes and natural features. Tulip figure, so appealing, oval face. This seems very feminine yet if you read the rest of the stanza you will see him describe a lady in a different way, on to huge and lake like reaches, slacks the slim young limbs revealing, sun brown arm the tiller feeling. He makes this beautiful woman seem butch. He also describes the ladies life, when she was young she is described as the sun, bright cheerful and full on energy. But as he goes on to describe her as she is ageing he describes her as a sunset, lacking energy and brightness. The warmth and glow disappears as you get older. Betjeman has described a variety of women those who he adores the sporty, strong women. To those he feels sorry for those who are put upon by their husbands, and have no fun in their lives, then to those who he compares to nature and uses nature to show their age. These poems when put together show his point of view. From other poems of his like Slough it is obvious that he doesnt like modernising or urbanisation. He prefers the countryside; he also doesnt like tinned foods as he thinks it is fake. Rather like in the poem Oxford the lady gets fed up of entertaining colleges she uses tinned foods. As though she doesnt care and uses a cheaper range of food even though they live in a middle/upper class environment. His love for sporty women is shown in several poems: Pot pourri from Surrey garden, Myfanwy, Senex, a Subalterns love song, the Licorice fields at Pontefract. These poems show how he admires strong, sporty people. This could be because they do sports they are still using the countryside for their sports. And they are strong in the mind and dont allow men to dominate them. They are not easily beaten. So the variety of women are those who are sporty, and competitive, compared to those who are stuck to a daily routine of cooking and cleaning. Those who look back on their lives and think what have they got to show for their lives. Then those of a young age compared to those who are older. Their surroundings, upbringing, and their view on life effect these poems. Betjeman uses his views of modernisation and uses women to show these. As he makes people look at women differently by the way he describes them, noticing other features of them that show strength and health. How urbanisation can affect happiness in someones life, and how much better the countryside is compared to the city.